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Probabilistic Aseismic Performance Assessment of Rubber–Sand–Concrete Tunnel Linings Considering Spatial Variability of Rock Mass.

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Title: Probabilistic Aseismic Performance Assessment of Rubber–Sand–Concrete Tunnel Linings Considering Spatial Variability of Rock Mass.
Authors: Li, Kaichen1,2,3,4 (AUTHOR), Mei, Xiancheng1,2,3 (AUTHOR) xcmei@whrsm.ac.cn, Li, Baiyi2,3 (AUTHOR), Sheng, Hao4,5 (AUTHOR), Cui, Zhen3,5 (AUTHOR), Wang, Yiheng1,3 (AUTHOR), Wu, Hegao1,2 (AUTHOR), Wang, Tao1,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p1741. 21p.
Subjects: Random fields, Tunnel lining, Risk assessment, Tunnel design & construction, Spatial variation, Effect of earthquakes on buildings
Abstract: In tunnel engineering, the integration of aseismic materials and structural designs has become a prevalent strategy to reduce earthquake-induced damage. However, previous studies on the seismic performance of tunnel structures predominantly employed deterministic methods, overlooking the spatial variability of the surrounding rock mass. This oversight often leads to an overestimation of structural performance, posing potential risks to the project. This study develops a probabilistic framework based on random field theory to evaluate the aseismic performance of tunnel linings incorporating a rubber–sand–concrete (RSC) constrained damping layer. The analysis systematically evaluates the aseismic performance of RSC across varying peak ground acceleration (PGA) levels and tunnel depth conditions. The findings are compared with results from traditional deterministic approaches. The probabilistic analysis indicates the following: (1) a reduction of approximately 70% in the dispersion of maximum principal stresses across various PGAs; (2) a decrease in RSC's aseismic performance with greater burial depths, though it remains substantial overall, and (3) a reduction in the failure probability from 31.8% to 16.3% at PGA = 1.2 g. Furthermore, deterministic methods tend to produce overly optimistic estimates of tunnel aseismic performance, highlighting the need for probabilistic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 193715547
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Probabilistic Aseismic Performance Assessment of Rubber–Sand–Concrete Tunnel Linings Considering Spatial Variability of Rock Mass.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Kaichen%22">Li, Kaichen</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mei%2C+Xiancheng%22">Mei, Xiancheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xcmei@whrsm.ac.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Baiyi%22">Li, Baiyi</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sheng%2C+Hao%22">Sheng, Hao</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cui%2C+Zhen%22">Cui, Zhen</searchLink><relatesTo>3,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Yiheng%22">Wang, Yiheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Hegao%22">Wu, Hegao</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Tao%22">Wang, Tao</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p1741. 21p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Random+fields%22">Random fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tunnel+lining%22">Tunnel lining</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk+assessment%22">Risk assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tunnel+design+%26+construction%22">Tunnel design & construction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spatial+variation%22">Spatial variation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Effect+of+earthquakes+on+buildings%22">Effect of earthquakes on buildings</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In tunnel engineering, the integration of aseismic materials and structural designs has become a prevalent strategy to reduce earthquake-induced damage. However, previous studies on the seismic performance of tunnel structures predominantly employed deterministic methods, overlooking the spatial variability of the surrounding rock mass. This oversight often leads to an overestimation of structural performance, posing potential risks to the project. This study develops a probabilistic framework based on random field theory to evaluate the aseismic performance of tunnel linings incorporating a rubber–sand–concrete (RSC) constrained damping layer. The analysis systematically evaluates the aseismic performance of RSC across varying peak ground acceleration (PGA) levels and tunnel depth conditions. The findings are compared with results from traditional deterministic approaches. The probabilistic analysis indicates the following: (1) a reduction of approximately 70% in the dispersion of maximum principal stresses across various PGAs; (2) a decrease in RSC's aseismic performance with greater burial depths, though it remains substantial overall, and (3) a reduction in the failure probability from 31.8% to 16.3% at PGA = 1.2 g. Furthermore, deterministic methods tend to produce overly optimistic estimates of tunnel aseismic performance, highlighting the need for probabilistic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/ma19091741
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 21
        StartPage: 1741
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Random fields
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tunnel lining
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tunnel design & construction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spatial variation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Effect of earthquakes on buildings
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Probabilistic Aseismic Performance Assessment of Rubber–Sand–Concrete Tunnel Linings Considering Spatial Variability of Rock Mass.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Li, Kaichen
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            NameFull: Mei, Xiancheng
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            NameFull: Li, Baiyi
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            NameFull: Sheng, Hao
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            NameFull: Cui, Zhen
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            NameFull: Wang, Yiheng
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            NameFull: Wu, Hegao
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 19961944
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              Value: 19
            – Type: issue
              Value: 9
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            – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944)
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