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Influence of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on Rheological Behavior and Early Interfacial Evolution of Phosphogypsum-Based Supersulfated Cement.

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Title: Influence of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on Rheological Behavior and Early Interfacial Evolution of Phosphogypsum-Based Supersulfated Cement.
Authors: Wang, Dafu1,2 (AUTHOR), Kuang, Lehuan1,2 (AUTHOR), Ding, Shaoyang1,3 (AUTHOR), Sun, Yudong1,4 (AUTHOR), Li, Yuejing1 (AUTHOR), Chen, Ziyu1,2 (AUTHOR), Ren, Jun1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Li, Xincheng3,4 (AUTHOR) xinchengli@aliyun.com
Source: Polymers (20734360). May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 9, p1021. 21p.
Subjects: Hydration, Interface dynamics, Calcium sulfate, Dispersion (Chemistry), Rheology, Crystal growth
Abstract: Driven by global carbon reduction targets, supersulfated cement has emerged as a promising low-carbon cementitious material. This study investigates the influence of a polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) on the rheological behavior and early interfacial evolution of phosphogypsum-based supersulfated cement (PSSC). Rheological measurements, pore solution ion analysis, hydration heat analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) are employed to correlate early hydration processes with structural development. The results indicate that the incorporation of PCE significantly reduces the initial yield stress and moderates the structural build-up rate. At a PCE dosage of 0.3 wt.%, the initial static yield stress decreases from 1313 Pa to approximately 125 Pa, while the structural build-up index Is,s reaches 10.19, indicating improved particle dispersion while maintaining progressive structural reconstruction during hydration. Phosphogypsum (PG) functions not only as a sulfate source but also as an active interfacial substrate that promotes the preferential nucleation of AFt on its surface. In the absence of PCE, continuous Ca–P-enriched layers form on PG particles, accompanied by localized AFt accumulation. After the incorporation of PCE, the primary crystalline phases remain unchanged; however, gypsum dissolution and AFt formation are delayed. Meanwhile, Ca–P enrichment shifts from continuous coverage to a more dispersed distribution, promoting the spatially separated growth of AFt crystals rather than dense localized aggregation. Overall, PCE influences the evolution of the structure and properties of the system by regulating early interfacial reactions and the spatial organization of hydration products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Influence of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on Rheological Behavior and Early Interfacial Evolution of Phosphogypsum-Based Supersulfated Cement.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Dafu%22">Wang, Dafu</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kuang%2C+Lehuan%22">Kuang, Lehuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ding%2C+Shaoyang%22">Ding, Shaoyang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sun%2C+Yudong%22">Sun, Yudong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Yuejing%22">Li, Yuejing</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Ziyu%22">Chen, Ziyu</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ren%2C+Jun%22">Ren, Jun</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Xincheng%22">Li, Xincheng</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xinchengli@aliyun.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 9, p1021. 21p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydration%22">Hydration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interface+dynamics%22">Interface dynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calcium+sulfate%22">Calcium sulfate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dispersion+%28Chemistry%29%22">Dispersion (Chemistry)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rheology%22">Rheology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystal+growth%22">Crystal growth</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Driven by global carbon reduction targets, supersulfated cement has emerged as a promising low-carbon cementitious material. This study investigates the influence of a polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) on the rheological behavior and early interfacial evolution of phosphogypsum-based supersulfated cement (PSSC). Rheological measurements, pore solution ion analysis, hydration heat analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) are employed to correlate early hydration processes with structural development. The results indicate that the incorporation of PCE significantly reduces the initial yield stress and moderates the structural build-up rate. At a PCE dosage of 0.3 wt.%, the initial static yield stress decreases from 1313 Pa to approximately 125 Pa, while the structural build-up index Is,s reaches 10.19, indicating improved particle dispersion while maintaining progressive structural reconstruction during hydration. Phosphogypsum (PG) functions not only as a sulfate source but also as an active interfacial substrate that promotes the preferential nucleation of AFt on its surface. In the absence of PCE, continuous Ca–P-enriched layers form on PG particles, accompanied by localized AFt accumulation. After the incorporation of PCE, the primary crystalline phases remain unchanged; however, gypsum dissolution and AFt formation are delayed. Meanwhile, Ca–P enrichment shifts from continuous coverage to a more dispersed distribution, promoting the spatially separated growth of AFt crystals rather than dense localized aggregation. Overall, PCE influences the evolution of the structure and properties of the system by regulating early interfacial reactions and the spatial organization of hydration products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/polym18091021
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 21
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      – SubjectFull: Hydration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interface dynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Calcium sulfate
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dispersion (Chemistry)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rheology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crystal growth
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Influence of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on Rheological Behavior and Early Interfacial Evolution of Phosphogypsum-Based Supersulfated Cement.
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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