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Assessing Natural Fillers as Substitutes for Glass Fibers in Polyamide 6 Composites for Large-Format Additive Manufacturing.

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Title: Assessing Natural Fillers as Substitutes for Glass Fibers in Polyamide 6 Composites for Large-Format Additive Manufacturing.
Authors: Sorze, Alessandro1 (AUTHOR), Valentini, Francesco1,2 (AUTHOR), Santi, Sofia2,3 (AUTHOR), Perini, Matteo2,4 (AUTHOR), Soligo, Nicole3,5 (AUTHOR), Buccella, Mauro1,3 (AUTHOR), Pasquardini, Laura2,4,5 (AUTHOR), Dorigato, Andrea1,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Polymers (20734360). May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 9, p1049. 21p.
Subjects: Glass fibers, Filler materials, Thermomechanical properties of metals, Rheology, Polyamides, Sustainability, Fused deposition modeling, Composite materials
Abstract: This work investigated the potential of different natural fillers, i.e., clay, calcium carbonate, and silica, as sustainable alternatives to glass fibers (GFs) in polyamide 6 (PA6) for Large-Format Additive Manufacturing (LFAM) applications in order to guarantee the chemical recyclability of the produced materials. Specifically, PA6-based composites containing ≤ 10 wt% natural fillers were compared with a conventional system (30 wt% GF-reinforced PA6) from rheological, morphological and thermo-mechanical perspectives. Rheological analysis showed that silica- and clay-filled samples displayed similar rheological response to the GF-filled reference due to their large particle size. Thermal analyses revealed a slight increase in crystallinity (up to 32%) for filled samples, indicating a potential nucleating effect of the natural fillers. Calcium carbonate-filled composites achieved thermal conductivity values comparable to the GF-filled reference (≥0.42 W/mK) indicating a high heat dissipation capability during printing operations. Morphological analysis performed on preliminary LFAM components revealed satisfactory printing quality and good filler dispersion. Flexural tests showed that silica and calcium carbonate could provide a balanced mechanical response, thereby reducing the anisotropy of printed components. These results demonstrated that the addition of suitable natural fillers at limited concentrations (≤10 wt%) can represent a lightweight and eco-sustainable alternative to GF reinforcement in LFAM applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Assessing Natural Fillers as Substitutes for Glass Fibers in Polyamide 6 Composites for Large-Format Additive Manufacturing.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 9, p1049. 21p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Glass+fibers%22">Glass fibers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Filler+materials%22">Filler materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermomechanical+properties+of+metals%22">Thermomechanical properties of metals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rheology%22">Rheology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyamides%22">Polyamides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainability%22">Sustainability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fused+deposition+modeling%22">Fused deposition modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Composite+materials%22">Composite materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: This work investigated the potential of different natural fillers, i.e., clay, calcium carbonate, and silica, as sustainable alternatives to glass fibers (GFs) in polyamide 6 (PA6) for Large-Format Additive Manufacturing (LFAM) applications in order to guarantee the chemical recyclability of the produced materials. Specifically, PA6-based composites containing ≤ 10 wt% natural fillers were compared with a conventional system (30 wt% GF-reinforced PA6) from rheological, morphological and thermo-mechanical perspectives. Rheological analysis showed that silica- and clay-filled samples displayed similar rheological response to the GF-filled reference due to their large particle size. Thermal analyses revealed a slight increase in crystallinity (up to 32%) for filled samples, indicating a potential nucleating effect of the natural fillers. Calcium carbonate-filled composites achieved thermal conductivity values comparable to the GF-filled reference (≥0.42 W/mK) indicating a high heat dissipation capability during printing operations. Morphological analysis performed on preliminary LFAM components revealed satisfactory printing quality and good filler dispersion. Flexural tests showed that silica and calcium carbonate could provide a balanced mechanical response, thereby reducing the anisotropy of printed components. These results demonstrated that the addition of suitable natural fillers at limited concentrations (≤10 wt%) can represent a lightweight and eco-sustainable alternative to GF reinforcement in LFAM applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Thermomechanical properties of metals
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      – SubjectFull: Fused deposition modeling
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              Text: May2026
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