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Efficient Separation and Targeted Activation of Lignin by Ethanolamine Pyruvate Protic Ionic Liquid.

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Title: Efficient Separation and Targeted Activation of Lignin by Ethanolamine Pyruvate Protic Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Zhu, Liuli1 (AUTHOR), Zhu, Jiatian1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhou, Jingpeng2,3 (AUTHOR), Feng, Qin1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Baojie1,2 (AUTHOR), Qin, Chengrong1,3 (AUTHOR), Liang, Chen1 (AUTHOR), Huang, Caoxing3 (AUTHOR), Yao, Shuangquan1 (AUTHOR) yaoshuangquan@gxu.edu.cn
Source: Polymers (20734360). May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 9, p1109. 24p.
Subjects: Ionic liquids, Extraction techniques, Depolymerization, Activation (Chemistry), Plant biomass, Lignification, Pyruvates, Antioxidants
Abstract: To address the challenges of inefficient depolymerization and undesirable condensation side reactions of lignin in lignocellulosic biomass, this study employed an ethanolamine pyruvate protic ionic liquid (EAP) pretreatment system to achieve selective separation of lignin from eucalyptus while simultaneously enabling its in situ structural activation. Under optimized conditions (pyruvate-to-ethanolamine mole ratio of 1:3, 120 °C, 40 min), the EAP system afforded a lignin separation yield of 79.0 ± 0.6%, with dissolution yields of cellulose and hemicellulose of 9.6 ± 0.3% and 11.2 ± 0.4%, respectively. According to 2D-HSQC NMR and 31P NMR analyses, the relative content of β-O-4 ether linkages in the isolated lignin decreased from 18.4 ± 0.4% to 14.2 ± 0.3% after EAP treatment. The total phenolic hydroxyl content reached 2.26 ± 0.08 mmol/g, and the syringyl-to-guaiacyl (S/G) ratio declined from 1.72 ± 0.04 to 0.71 ± 0.03. Based on these observations, it is proposed that the ethanolamine component facilitates the dissociation of the lignin network through hydrogen bonding and stabilizes reactive intermediates, while the pyruvate component participates in the cleavage of β-O-4 ether linkages and the removal of methoxy groups via proton catalysis and nucleophilic attack. Compared with the ethanolamine and ethanolamine acetate systems, EAP pretreatment yielded lignin of higher purity (98.4 ± 0.3%) under milder conditions, and the isolated lignin exhibited stronger antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.17 ± 0.02 mg/mL). This work offers insights into the development of pretreatment systems that combine efficient separation with structural preservation of lignin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Efficient Separation and Targeted Activation of Lignin by Ethanolamine Pyruvate Protic Ionic Liquid.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Liuli%22">Zhu, Liuli</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Jiatian%22">Zhu, Jiatian</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhou%2C+Jingpeng%22">Zhou, Jingpeng</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Feng%2C+Qin%22">Feng, Qin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Baojie%22">Liu, Baojie</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qin%2C+Chengrong%22">Qin, Chengrong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liang%2C+Chen%22">Liang, Chen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Caoxing%22">Huang, Caoxing</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yao%2C+Shuangquan%22">Yao, Shuangquan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yaoshuangquan@gxu.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 9, p1109. 24p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ionic+liquids%22">Ionic liquids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Extraction+techniques%22">Extraction techniques</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Depolymerization%22">Depolymerization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Activation+%28Chemistry%29%22">Activation (Chemistry)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plant+biomass%22">Plant biomass</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lignification%22">Lignification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pyruvates%22">Pyruvates</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antioxidants%22">Antioxidants</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: To address the challenges of inefficient depolymerization and undesirable condensation side reactions of lignin in lignocellulosic biomass, this study employed an ethanolamine pyruvate protic ionic liquid (EAP) pretreatment system to achieve selective separation of lignin from eucalyptus while simultaneously enabling its in situ structural activation. Under optimized conditions (pyruvate-to-ethanolamine mole ratio of 1:3, 120 °C, 40 min), the EAP system afforded a lignin separation yield of 79.0 ± 0.6%, with dissolution yields of cellulose and hemicellulose of 9.6 ± 0.3% and 11.2 ± 0.4%, respectively. According to 2D-HSQC NMR and 31P NMR analyses, the relative content of β-O-4 ether linkages in the isolated lignin decreased from 18.4 ± 0.4% to 14.2 ± 0.3% after EAP treatment. The total phenolic hydroxyl content reached 2.26 ± 0.08 mmol/g, and the syringyl-to-guaiacyl (S/G) ratio declined from 1.72 ± 0.04 to 0.71 ± 0.03. Based on these observations, it is proposed that the ethanolamine component facilitates the dissociation of the lignin network through hydrogen bonding and stabilizes reactive intermediates, while the pyruvate component participates in the cleavage of β-O-4 ether linkages and the removal of methoxy groups via proton catalysis and nucleophilic attack. Compared with the ethanolamine and ethanolamine acetate systems, EAP pretreatment yielded lignin of higher purity (98.4 ± 0.3%) under milder conditions, and the isolated lignin exhibited stronger antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.17 ± 0.02 mg/mL). This work offers insights into the development of pretreatment systems that combine efficient separation with structural preservation of lignin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/polym18091109
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 24
        StartPage: 1109
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Ionic liquids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Extraction techniques
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Depolymerization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Activation (Chemistry)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plant biomass
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lignification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pyruvates
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antioxidants
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Efficient Separation and Targeted Activation of Lignin by Ethanolamine Pyruvate Protic Ionic Liquid.
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            NameFull: Zhu, Liuli
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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