Quantitative Kinetic Modeling of Redox-Initiated Graft Copolymerization of MMA and Styrene onto Natural Rubber Latex.
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| Title: | Quantitative Kinetic Modeling of Redox-Initiated Graft Copolymerization of MMA and Styrene onto Natural Rubber Latex. |
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| Authors: | Arayapranee, Wanvimon1 (AUTHOR), Patthaveekongka, Weerawat2 (AUTHOR) patthaveekongka_w@silpakorn.edu |
| Source: | Polymers (20734360). May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 9, p1141. 21p. |
| Subjects: | Polymerization, Polymerization kinetics, Rubber, Chemical systems, Styrene, Methyl methacrylate, Oxidation-reduction reaction, Graft copolymers |
| Abstract: | This study develops a quantitative kinetic framework for graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (ST) onto natural rubber latex (NRL), with emphasis on Redox initiation and Interfacial polymerization in a multiphase system. Experiments were conducted using a cumene hydroperoxide/tetraethylenepentamine (CHPO/TEPA) system. Core–shell particles, consisting of a soft NR core and a rigid poly(vinyl monomer) shell, were obtained at 40–60 °C with initiator concentrations of 0.0051–0.0205 mol L−1 and monomer concentrations of 0.39–0.83 mol L−1. Radical generation occurs predominantly at the aqueous rubber interface, where monomer partitioning takes place between phases. This leads to simultaneous homopolymerization in the aqueous phase, while grafting occurs on the rubber backbone. Overall conversion (xp), graft conversion (xg), and grafting efficiency were determined gravimetrically, while morphology was confirmed by FTIR and TEM. The conversion profiles show nonlinear behavior consistent with power-law kinetics, allowing formulation of rate expressions for overall polymerization rate (Rp) and grafting rate (Rg). Reaction order and Arrhenius analyses indicate fractional, heterogeneous behavior characteristic of multiphase reaction kinetics. Styrene shows lower activation energy, whereas MMA exhibits higher collision frequency. The model reproduces experimental trends well (R2 up to 0.95) and provides insight into propagation–grafting competition in natural rubber latex systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 193716276 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Quantitative Kinetic Modeling of Redox-Initiated Graft Copolymerization of MMA and Styrene onto Natural Rubber Latex. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arayapranee%2C+Wanvimon%22">Arayapranee, Wanvimon</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Patthaveekongka%2C+Weerawat%22">Patthaveekongka, Weerawat</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> patthaveekongka_w@silpakorn.edu</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 9, p1141. 21p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polymerization%22">Polymerization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polymerization+kinetics%22">Polymerization kinetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rubber%22">Rubber</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+systems%22">Chemical systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Styrene%22">Styrene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Methyl+methacrylate%22">Methyl methacrylate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oxidation-reduction+reaction%22">Oxidation-reduction reaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graft+copolymers%22">Graft copolymers</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: This study develops a quantitative kinetic framework for graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (ST) onto natural rubber latex (NRL), with emphasis on Redox initiation and Interfacial polymerization in a multiphase system. Experiments were conducted using a cumene hydroperoxide/tetraethylenepentamine (CHPO/TEPA) system. Core–shell particles, consisting of a soft NR core and a rigid poly(vinyl monomer) shell, were obtained at 40–60 °C with initiator concentrations of 0.0051–0.0205 mol L−1 and monomer concentrations of 0.39–0.83 mol L−1. Radical generation occurs predominantly at the aqueous rubber interface, where monomer partitioning takes place between phases. This leads to simultaneous homopolymerization in the aqueous phase, while grafting occurs on the rubber backbone. Overall conversion (xp), graft conversion (xg), and grafting efficiency were determined gravimetrically, while morphology was confirmed by FTIR and TEM. The conversion profiles show nonlinear behavior consistent with power-law kinetics, allowing formulation of rate expressions for overall polymerization rate (Rp) and grafting rate (Rg). Reaction order and Arrhenius analyses indicate fractional, heterogeneous behavior characteristic of multiphase reaction kinetics. Styrene shows lower activation energy, whereas MMA exhibits higher collision frequency. The model reproduces experimental trends well (R2 up to 0.95) and provides insight into propagation–grafting competition in natural rubber latex systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=193716276 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/polym18091141 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 21 StartPage: 1141 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Polymerization Type: general – SubjectFull: Polymerization kinetics Type: general – SubjectFull: Rubber Type: general – SubjectFull: Chemical systems Type: general – SubjectFull: Styrene Type: general – SubjectFull: Methyl methacrylate Type: general – SubjectFull: Oxidation-reduction reaction Type: general – SubjectFull: Graft copolymers Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Quantitative Kinetic Modeling of Redox-Initiated Graft Copolymerization of MMA and Styrene onto Natural Rubber Latex. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Arayapranee, Wanvimon – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Patthaveekongka, Weerawat IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 05 Text: May2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20734360 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 18 – Type: issue Value: 9 Titles: – TitleFull: Polymers (20734360) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
