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Hierarchical ZnO–Graphite Films Enabling Durable Antifouling and Corrosion Protection of Electrochemical Electrodes in Harsh Wastewater Environments.

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Title: Hierarchical ZnO–Graphite Films Enabling Durable Antifouling and Corrosion Protection of Electrochemical Electrodes in Harsh Wastewater Environments.
Authors: Chen, Ziqi1 (AUTHOR), An, Tongyan2 (AUTHOR) antongyan@cee.cn, Yu, Jianwei3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). May2026, Vol. 16 Issue 9, p547. 19p.
Subjects: Fouling, Corrosion inhibitors, Wetting, Electrochemical sensors, Electrochemical electrodes, Carbon films, Wastewater treatment, Nanoparticles
Abstract: In microbial electrochemical coupled treatment technology, the performance of electrodes critically affects the overall efficiency of wastewater treatment systems. Electrochemical electrodes in harsh wastewater often fail due to coupled organic fouling and corrosion. Herein, hierarchical ZnO–graphite composite films are developed as durable active interfaces. Fabricated via scalable spraying, the films feature coral-like architectures composed of ZnO nanoparticles interconnected by a conductive graphite network. Characterization confirms uniform elemental integration and preserved ZnO crystallinity. The films exhibit strong hydrophilicity, facilitating a stable hydration layer for effective underwater oleophobicity. Crucially, electrochemical tests in aggressive simulated landfill leachate demonstrate significant corrosion suppression and fouling resistance. Simultaneously, the embedded graphite phase ensures stable electrical conductivity (<5% variation) over prolonged immersion. This work establishes a robust interfacial design strategy for durable electrochemical sensors in complex wastewater environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: In microbial electrochemical coupled treatment technology, the performance of electrodes critically affects the overall efficiency of wastewater treatment systems. Electrochemical electrodes in harsh wastewater often fail due to coupled organic fouling and corrosion. Herein, hierarchical ZnO–graphite composite films are developed as durable active interfaces. Fabricated via scalable spraying, the films feature coral-like architectures composed of ZnO nanoparticles interconnected by a conductive graphite network. Characterization confirms uniform elemental integration and preserved ZnO crystallinity. The films exhibit strong hydrophilicity, facilitating a stable hydration layer for effective underwater oleophobicity. Crucially, electrochemical tests in aggressive simulated landfill leachate demonstrate significant corrosion suppression and fouling resistance. Simultaneously, the embedded graphite phase ensures stable electrical conductivity (&lt;5% variation) over prolonged immersion. This work establishes a robust interfacial design strategy for durable electrochemical sensors in complex wastewater environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/nano16090547
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 547
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Fouling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Corrosion inhibitors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wetting
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrochemical sensors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrochemical electrodes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon films
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wastewater treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanoparticles
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Hierarchical ZnO–Graphite Films Enabling Durable Antifouling and Corrosion Protection of Electrochemical Electrodes in Harsh Wastewater Environments.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Chen, Ziqi
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: An, Tongyan
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Yu, Jianwei
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      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 20794991
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              Value: 16
            – Type: issue
              Value: 9
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Nanomaterials (2079-4991)
              Type: main
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