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Experimental and molecular dynamics study of cross-scale strengthening and wear mechanisms of laser-cladded ZrB2-reinforced Al0.5CoCrFeNi coatings.

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Title: Experimental and molecular dynamics study of cross-scale strengthening and wear mechanisms of laser-cladded ZrB2-reinforced Al0.5CoCrFeNi coatings.
Authors: Pan, Xingzhi1 (AUTHOR), Huang, Chuanjin1 (AUTHOR), Chen, Yang1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Xi1 (AUTHOR) wangxi2020@ycit.edu.cn, Liu, Shuangyu1 (AUTHOR) liushuangyu@ycit.edu.cn, Gao, Hanpeng2 (AUTHOR), Huang, Hong1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Ceramics International. May2026:Part A, Vol. 52 Issue 12, p18465-18480. 16p.
Subjects: Zirconium boride, Wear resistance, Laser deposition, Strengthening mechanisms in solids, High-entropy alloys, Oxide coating, Microhardness, Molecular dynamics
Abstract: Al 0.5 CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys offer a favorable strength–ductility balance; however, their wear resistance needs improvement under severe sliding to extend service life and reduce wear-induced failure. Introducing high-hardness stable ceramic particles is an effective method. A key challenge is to study their evolution during laser cladding and their roles in affecting hardness and wear mechanisms. To address this, Al 0.5 CoCrFeNi and Al 0.5 CoCrFeNi–10 wt% ZrB 2 composite coatings were fabricated via laser cladding and systematically characterized, while molecular dynamics (MD) nanoindentation and nanoscratch simulations were performed to examine the strengthening mechanisms. ZrB 2 particles partially melted/dissolved and formed a reaction layer at the particle–matrix interface during cladding, while the associated elemental redistribution promoted the precipitation of a Zr-rich Laves phase, forming a dispersion-strengthened structure comprising residual ZrB 2 and the Laves phase. ZrB 2 addition increases the near-surface cross-sectional microhardness from 673.6 to 679.1 HV 1 to 768.7–789.3 HV 1 , while the wear volume decreases by 26.2% under dry sliding against a 4-mm GCr15 ball (30 N, 5-mm stroke, 1 Hz, 30 min, and room temperature). Energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicate that the incorporation of ZrB 2 promotes the formation of a dense Al 2 O 3 -rich oxide glaze layer, with minor Cr-containing oxides, CrO x , shifting the wear mode toward mild abrasion and adhesion. MD simulations suggest that ZrB 2 -related reinforcement localizes stress/strain and hinders dislocation/stacking-fault activity, providing qualitative mechanistic insights into the improved wear resistance. • ZrB 2 strengthening is studied across scales via experiments and MD simulations. • ZrB 2 particles and Laves phase form a dispersion-strengthened structure. • ZrB 2 addition raises microhardness and lowers wear depth and volume. • ZrB 2 particles anchor and stabilize a dense oxide glaze layer. • ZrB 2 particles shield stress, pin dislocations and faults, and limit plasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Experimental and molecular dynamics study of cross-scale strengthening and wear mechanisms of laser-cladded ZrB2-reinforced Al0.5CoCrFeNi coatings.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pan%2C+Xingzhi%22">Pan, Xingzhi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Chuanjin%22">Huang, Chuanjin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Yang%22">Chen, Yang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Xi%22">Wang, Xi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> wangxi2020@ycit.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Shuangyu%22">Liu, Shuangyu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> liushuangyu@ycit.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gao%2C+Hanpeng%22">Gao, Hanpeng</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Hong%22">Huang, Hong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ceramics+International%22">Ceramics International</searchLink>. May2026:Part A, Vol. 52 Issue 12, p18465-18480. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zirconium+boride%22">Zirconium boride</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wear+resistance%22">Wear resistance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laser+deposition%22">Laser deposition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Strengthening+mechanisms+in+solids%22">Strengthening mechanisms in solids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High-entropy+alloys%22">High-entropy alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oxide+coating%22">Oxide coating</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microhardness%22">Microhardness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Molecular+dynamics%22">Molecular dynamics</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Al 0.5 CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys offer a favorable strength–ductility balance; however, their wear resistance needs improvement under severe sliding to extend service life and reduce wear-induced failure. Introducing high-hardness stable ceramic particles is an effective method. A key challenge is to study their evolution during laser cladding and their roles in affecting hardness and wear mechanisms. To address this, Al 0.5 CoCrFeNi and Al 0.5 CoCrFeNi–10 wt% ZrB 2 composite coatings were fabricated via laser cladding and systematically characterized, while molecular dynamics (MD) nanoindentation and nanoscratch simulations were performed to examine the strengthening mechanisms. ZrB 2 particles partially melted/dissolved and formed a reaction layer at the particle–matrix interface during cladding, while the associated elemental redistribution promoted the precipitation of a Zr-rich Laves phase, forming a dispersion-strengthened structure comprising residual ZrB 2 and the Laves phase. ZrB 2 addition increases the near-surface cross-sectional microhardness from 673.6 to 679.1 HV 1 to 768.7–789.3 HV 1 , while the wear volume decreases by 26.2% under dry sliding against a 4-mm GCr15 ball (30 N, 5-mm stroke, 1 Hz, 30 min, and room temperature). Energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicate that the incorporation of ZrB 2 promotes the formation of a dense Al 2 O 3 -rich oxide glaze layer, with minor Cr-containing oxides, CrO x , shifting the wear mode toward mild abrasion and adhesion. MD simulations suggest that ZrB 2 -related reinforcement localizes stress/strain and hinders dislocation/stacking-fault activity, providing qualitative mechanistic insights into the improved wear resistance. • ZrB 2 strengthening is studied across scales via experiments and MD simulations. • ZrB 2 particles and Laves phase form a dispersion-strengthened structure. • ZrB 2 addition raises microhardness and lowers wear depth and volume. • ZrB 2 particles anchor and stabilize a dense oxide glaze layer. • ZrB 2 particles shield stress, pin dislocations and faults, and limit plasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.409
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 18465
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Zirconium boride
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wear resistance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Laser deposition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Strengthening mechanisms in solids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: High-entropy alloys
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      – SubjectFull: Oxide coating
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      – SubjectFull: Microhardness
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      – SubjectFull: Molecular dynamics
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      – TitleFull: Experimental and molecular dynamics study of cross-scale strengthening and wear mechanisms of laser-cladded ZrB2-reinforced Al0.5CoCrFeNi coatings.
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              Text: May2026:Part A
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              Y: 2026
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