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Solid solution engineering of Ti2AlC reinforced ZrB2 ceramics: enhanced properties via in-situ synthesis of (Zr,Ti)B2 and (Zr,Ti)C.

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Title: Solid solution engineering of Ti2AlC reinforced ZrB2 ceramics: enhanced properties via in-situ synthesis of (Zr,Ti)B2 and (Zr,Ti)C.
Authors: Shahedi Asl, Mehdi1 (AUTHOR), Farvizi, Mohammad1,2 (AUTHOR) mmfarvizi@tabrizu.ac.ir, Faraji, Arash3 (AUTHOR), Bahamirian, Milad4 (AUTHOR), Ahmadi, Zohre1 (AUTHOR) zohre.ahmadi@kyrenia.edu.tr
Source: Ceramics International. May2026:Part A, Vol. 52 Issue 12, p19129-19139. 11p.
Subjects: Zirconium boride, Solution strengthening, Wear resistance, Titanium carbide, Fracture toughness, Microstructure, Mechanical behavior of materials, Sintering
Abstract: This study investigates the influence of 10 wt% Ti 2 AlC addition on ZrB 2 ceramics processed by spark plasma sintering. The Ti 2 AlC addition successfully enhanced the relative density from 80% for monolithic ZrB 2 to 98% by acting as a sintering aid, where in-situ released Al scavenges detrimental oxide impurities. Phase and chemical analyses confirmed the generation of (Zr,Ti)B 2 and (Zr,Ti)C solid solutions due to Ti diffusion, leading to solid solution strengthening. This microstructural engineering resulted in outstanding mechanical performance; for example, Vickers hardness increased from 8.4 to 16.1 GPa. Moreover, fracture toughness (K IC) showed a remarkable increase, rising from 2 to 5.5 MPa m1/2. Microstructural study showed a shift from brittle intergranular fracture to mixed-mode transgranular failure, indicating highly strengthened grain boundaries. The enhanced toughness was linked to active mechanisms such as crack bridging and deflection induced by the dispersed secondary phases. The incorporation of Ti 2 AlC markedly enhanced the wear performance of ZrB 2 ceramics. Compared with monolithic ZrB 2 , which exhibits a wear track width of 1375 μm and a wear rate of 3.63 × 10−4 mm3/N.m, the Ti 2 AlC-reinforced composite demonstrates substantially lower values of 1009 μm and 1.77 × 10−4 mm3/N.m. This research validates Ti 2 AlC as an effective multifunctional additive for highly densified and damage-tolerant ZrB 2 ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Group: Ti
  Data: Solid solution engineering of Ti2AlC reinforced ZrB2 ceramics: enhanced properties via in-situ synthesis of (Zr,Ti)B2 and (Zr,Ti)C.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shahedi+Asl%2C+Mehdi%22">Shahedi Asl, Mehdi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Farvizi%2C+Mohammad%22">Farvizi, Mohammad</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mmfarvizi@tabrizu.ac.ir</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Faraji%2C+Arash%22">Faraji, Arash</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bahamirian%2C+Milad%22">Bahamirian, Milad</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahmadi%2C+Zohre%22">Ahmadi, Zohre</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zohre.ahmadi@kyrenia.edu.tr</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ceramics+International%22">Ceramics International</searchLink>. May2026:Part A, Vol. 52 Issue 12, p19129-19139. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zirconium+boride%22">Zirconium boride</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solution+strengthening%22">Solution strengthening</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wear+resistance%22">Wear resistance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Titanium+carbide%22">Titanium carbide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fracture+toughness%22">Fracture toughness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstructure%22">Microstructure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sintering%22">Sintering</searchLink>
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  Data: This study investigates the influence of 10 wt% Ti 2 AlC addition on ZrB 2 ceramics processed by spark plasma sintering. The Ti 2 AlC addition successfully enhanced the relative density from 80% for monolithic ZrB 2 to 98% by acting as a sintering aid, where in-situ released Al scavenges detrimental oxide impurities. Phase and chemical analyses confirmed the generation of (Zr,Ti)B 2 and (Zr,Ti)C solid solutions due to Ti diffusion, leading to solid solution strengthening. This microstructural engineering resulted in outstanding mechanical performance; for example, Vickers hardness increased from 8.4 to 16.1 GPa. Moreover, fracture toughness (K IC) showed a remarkable increase, rising from 2 to 5.5 MPa m1/2. Microstructural study showed a shift from brittle intergranular fracture to mixed-mode transgranular failure, indicating highly strengthened grain boundaries. The enhanced toughness was linked to active mechanisms such as crack bridging and deflection induced by the dispersed secondary phases. The incorporation of Ti 2 AlC markedly enhanced the wear performance of ZrB 2 ceramics. Compared with monolithic ZrB 2 , which exhibits a wear track width of 1375 μm and a wear rate of 3.63 × 10−4 mm3/N.m, the Ti 2 AlC-reinforced composite demonstrates substantially lower values of 1009 μm and 1.77 × 10−4 mm3/N.m. This research validates Ti 2 AlC as an effective multifunctional additive for highly densified and damage-tolerant ZrB 2 ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.03.011
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 19129
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      – SubjectFull: Zirconium boride
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solution strengthening
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      – SubjectFull: Wear resistance
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      – SubjectFull: Titanium carbide
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      – SubjectFull: Fracture toughness
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      – SubjectFull: Microstructure
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      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
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      – SubjectFull: Sintering
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      – TitleFull: Solid solution engineering of Ti2AlC reinforced ZrB2 ceramics: enhanced properties via in-situ synthesis of (Zr,Ti)B2 and (Zr,Ti)C.
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              Text: May2026:Part A
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              Y: 2026
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