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The impact of parametric amplifiers on the phase sensitivity for an unbalanced interferometer.

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Title: The impact of parametric amplifiers on the phase sensitivity for an unbalanced interferometer.
Authors: Butu, Ilinca1 (AUTHOR) ilinca.butu@eli-np.ro, Mishra, Karunesh K.1 (AUTHOR) karunesh.mishra@eli-np.ro, Ataman, Stefan1 (AUTHOR) stefan.ataman@eli-np.ro
Source: International Journal of Quantum Information. Apr2026, Vol. 24 Issue 3, p1-18. 18p.
Subjects: Optical parametric amplifiers, Interferometers, Quantum measurement, Homodyne detection, Phase detectors, Beam splitters
Abstract: This paper provides a theoretical analysis of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) enhanced by optical parametric amplifiers (OPA) placed inside its arms and fed by a coherent input source. Contrary to most cases found in literature, we perform a wider analysis by considering the MZI unbalanced and two internal phase shifts. We discuss the theoretical best-case phase sensitivity of this setup via the quantum Cramér–Rao bound (QCRB) and we consider scenarios having – or not – access to an external phase reference. We also assess the realistic performance of the OPA-enhanced MZI by employing a balanced homodyne detection (asymmetric and symmetric phase shifts) scheme and a difference-intensity detection scheme. We are thus able to find the optimum beam splitter (BS) transmissivity (transmission coefficient) of the first BS via the quantum Fisher information (QFI), while for the second one, we need to take the detection scheme into account. We are able to find these optimal values for all considered scenarios and thus assess the best-case phase sensitivity provided by this setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Quantum Information is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 193816526
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: The impact of parametric amplifiers on the phase sensitivity for an unbalanced interferometer.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Butu%2C+Ilinca%22">Butu, Ilinca</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ilinca.butu@eli-np.ro</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mishra%2C+Karunesh+K%2E%22">Mishra, Karunesh K.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> karunesh.mishra@eli-np.ro</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ataman%2C+Stefan%22">Ataman, Stefan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> stefan.ataman@eli-np.ro</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Quantum+Information%22">International Journal of Quantum Information</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 24 Issue 3, p1-18. 18p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+parametric+amplifiers%22">Optical parametric amplifiers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interferometers%22">Interferometers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantum+measurement%22">Quantum measurement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Homodyne+detection%22">Homodyne detection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+detectors%22">Phase detectors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Beam+splitters%22">Beam splitters</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This paper provides a theoretical analysis of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) enhanced by optical parametric amplifiers (OPA) placed inside its arms and fed by a coherent input source. Contrary to most cases found in literature, we perform a wider analysis by considering the MZI unbalanced and two internal phase shifts. We discuss the theoretical best-case phase sensitivity of this setup via the quantum Cramér–Rao bound (QCRB) and we consider scenarios having – or not – access to an external phase reference. We also assess the realistic performance of the OPA-enhanced MZI by employing a balanced homodyne detection (asymmetric and symmetric phase shifts) scheme and a difference-intensity detection scheme. We are thus able to find the optimum beam splitter (BS) transmissivity (transmission coefficient) of the first BS via the quantum Fisher information (QFI), while for the second one, we need to take the detection scheme into account. We are able to find these optimal values for all considered scenarios and thus assess the best-case phase sensitivity provided by this setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Quantum Information is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=193816526
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1142/S0219749926400022
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Optical parametric amplifiers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interferometers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quantum measurement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Homodyne detection
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phase detectors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Beam splitters
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The impact of parametric amplifiers on the phase sensitivity for an unbalanced interferometer.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Butu, Ilinca
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            NameFull: Mishra, Karunesh K.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Ataman, Stefan
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 02197499
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            – Type: volume
              Value: 24
            – Type: issue
              Value: 3
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: International Journal of Quantum Information
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