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Fabrication of a Bioactive Human Adipose Extracellular Matrix Allograft Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.

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Title: Fabrication of a Bioactive Human Adipose Extracellular Matrix Allograft Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Salingaros, Sophia1 (AUTHOR), Jeon, Jini1 (AUTHOR), Dong, Xue1 (AUTHOR), Medina, Samuel1 (AUTHOR), Liao, Matthew1 (AUTHOR), Sarkar, Ankita2 (AUTHOR), Eisenhut, Eric2 (AUTHOR), Eisenhut, Tony2 (AUTHOR), Bednarski, David2 (AUTHOR), De La Puerta, Carlos Urrea3 (AUTHOR), Bonassar, Lawrence J.3 (AUTHOR), Spector, Jason A.1,3 (AUTHOR) jas2037@med.cornell.edu
Source: Annals of Biomedical Engineering. Jun2026, Vol. 54 Issue 6, p1677-1692. 16p.
Subjects: Supercritical carbon dioxide, Extracellular matrix, Neovascularization, Dermal fillers, Adipose tissue transplantation, Adipose tissues
Abstract: Purpose: Autologous fat grafting is widely used for soft tissue augmentation but hindered by unpredictable volume retention and donor site morbidity. Decellularized adipose extracellular matrix (DAM) represents a promising alternative. Herein we evaluate an injectable, human-derived DAM decellularized via supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2, sDAM), promising a gentler, more eco-friendly isolation of matrix components than conventional chemical decellularization. Methods: Human adipose tissue was homogenized, delipidated, then underwent scCO2 cleansing, two cycles of scCO2 decellularization, cryomilling, and scCO2 terminal sterilization. The sDAM was injected into dorsal flank and cranial subcutaneous pockets of immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice (400 mm3 of 0.5 g sample/mL PBS). Commercially available hyaluronic acid (HA) was injected (400 mm3) for comparison. Samples were explanted after 1, 3 and 6 months. Results: sDAM demonstrated a mean of 47 ng DNA/mg of dry weight, below the 50 ng/mg "complete" decellularization threshold. After 6 months, adipose flank volume was 307 mm3 (77% of initial volume), adipose cranial was 273 mm3 (68%), and HA flank was 1393 mm3 (348%), due to its hydrophilic nature. sDAM explants demonstrated significantly higher cellular density over HA explants (p < 0.0001). Perilipin expression revealed adipocytes developing within sDAM after 3 months, increasing in density and size by 6 months; few cells were noted in HA explants. Similarly, CD31 expression demonstrated neo-vascularization in sDAM only. Picrosirius red staining of sDAM demonstrated deposition of new fibrillar collagen after 1 month, which became more aligned over time. Conclusion: We present the first description of scCO2 DAM preparation foregoing the use of detergents and enzymatic chemicals with successful volume preservation and adipose tissue regeneration in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Annals of Biomedical Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Fabrication of a Bioactive Human Adipose Extracellular Matrix Allograft Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Salingaros%2C+Sophia%22&quot;&gt;Salingaros, Sophia&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Jeon%2C+Jini%22&quot;&gt;Jeon, Jini&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Dong%2C+Xue%22&quot;&gt;Dong, Xue&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Medina%2C+Samuel%22&quot;&gt;Medina, Samuel&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Liao%2C+Matthew%22&quot;&gt;Liao, Matthew&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Sarkar%2C+Ankita%22&quot;&gt;Sarkar, Ankita&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Eisenhut%2C+Eric%22&quot;&gt;Eisenhut, Eric&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Eisenhut%2C+Tony%22&quot;&gt;Eisenhut, Tony&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Bednarski%2C+David%22&quot;&gt;Bednarski, David&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22De+La+Puerta%2C+Carlos+Urrea%22&quot;&gt;De La Puerta, Carlos Urrea&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Bonassar%2C+Lawrence+J%2E%22&quot;&gt;Bonassar, Lawrence J.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Spector%2C+Jason+A%2E%22&quot;&gt;Spector, Jason A.&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; jas2037@med.cornell.edu&lt;/i&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering%22&quot;&gt;Annals of Biomedical Engineering&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Jun2026, Vol. 54 Issue 6, p1677-1692. 16p.
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  Data: Purpose: Autologous fat grafting is widely used for soft tissue augmentation but hindered by unpredictable volume retention and donor site morbidity. Decellularized adipose extracellular matrix (DAM) represents a promising alternative. Herein we evaluate an injectable, human-derived DAM decellularized via supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2, sDAM), promising a gentler, more eco-friendly isolation of matrix components than conventional chemical decellularization. Methods: Human adipose tissue was homogenized, delipidated, then underwent scCO2 cleansing, two cycles of scCO2 decellularization, cryomilling, and scCO2 terminal sterilization. The sDAM was injected into dorsal flank and cranial subcutaneous pockets of immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice (400 mm3 of 0.5 g sample/mL PBS). Commercially available hyaluronic acid (HA) was injected (400 mm3) for comparison. Samples were explanted after 1, 3 and 6 months. Results: sDAM demonstrated a mean of 47 ng DNA/mg of dry weight, below the 50 ng/mg &quot;complete&quot; decellularization threshold. After 6 months, adipose flank volume was 307 mm3 (77% of initial volume), adipose cranial was 273 mm3 (68%), and HA flank was 1393 mm3 (348%), due to its hydrophilic nature. sDAM explants demonstrated significantly higher cellular density over HA explants (p &lt; 0.0001). Perilipin expression revealed adipocytes developing within sDAM after 3 months, increasing in density and size by 6 months; few cells were noted in HA explants. Similarly, CD31 expression demonstrated neo-vascularization in sDAM only. Picrosirius red staining of sDAM demonstrated deposition of new fibrillar collagen after 1 month, which became more aligned over time. Conclusion: We present the first description of scCO2 DAM preparation foregoing the use of detergents and enzymatic chemicals with successful volume preservation and adipose tissue regeneration in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Annals of Biomedical Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10439-026-04007-x
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 1677
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      – SubjectFull: Supercritical carbon dioxide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Extracellular matrix
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Neovascularization
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      – SubjectFull: Dermal fillers
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              Text: Jun2026
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              Y: 2026
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