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A review of modeling for thermal error of motorized spindles of advanced machine tools.

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Title: A review of modeling for thermal error of motorized spindles of advanced machine tools.
Authors: Baghel, Madhusudan1,2 (AUTHOR), Mustafa, Ghulam1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Song1,2 (AUTHOR) zhangsong@sdu.edu.cn
Source: International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. May2026, Vol. 144 Issue 1/2, p55-98. 44p.
Subjects: Spindles (Machine tools), Thermal expansion, Machine tools, Temperature measurements, Mathematical models
Abstract: High-speed spindles in machine tools are used on a large scale in modern manufacturing industries due to great precision, high productivity, and more power. Precision and accuracy of these machine tools during machining operations are significantly affected by the thermal error. Spindle is the main heat source that is accountable for thermal error in machine tools. Thermal error is mainly caused by variation in temperature. This review article exhibits an overview of research about various internal heat sources present in a machine tool, various techniques to measure temperature and thermal deformation at various locations of the spindle, and development of a mathematical model based on measured temperature and thermal deformation to predict the spindle's thermal error. Thermal error models express the relationships between thermal deformation and temperature, which are established on the basis of analytical calculations, numerical analysis, and experimentation. Temperatures at various locations of the spindle are measured using temperature sensors and infrared imagers, while deformations of the spindle can be measured by employing displacement sensors. Selection of Temperature sensitive points (TSPs) is very crucial for temperature testing and development of models, as it affects the overall effectiveness of the thermal error model. Various techniques to select the TSPs have been discussed. Different techniques for testing and developing thermal error models have also been described in detail. Overall, this review article provides a detailed description of the whole process of developing robust and accurate thermal error models to predict the thermal behavior of spindle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 193859123
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Label: Title
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  Data: A review of modeling for thermal error of motorized spindles of advanced machine tools.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Baghel%2C+Madhusudan%22">Baghel, Madhusudan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mustafa%2C+Ghulam%22">Mustafa, Ghulam</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Song%22">Zhang, Song</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zhangsong@sdu.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Advanced+Manufacturing+Technology%22">International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 144 Issue 1/2, p55-98. 44p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spindles+%28Machine+tools%29%22">Spindles (Machine tools)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+expansion%22">Thermal expansion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Machine+tools%22">Machine tools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temperature+measurements%22">Temperature measurements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+models%22">Mathematical models</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: High-speed spindles in machine tools are used on a large scale in modern manufacturing industries due to great precision, high productivity, and more power. Precision and accuracy of these machine tools during machining operations are significantly affected by the thermal error. Spindle is the main heat source that is accountable for thermal error in machine tools. Thermal error is mainly caused by variation in temperature. This review article exhibits an overview of research about various internal heat sources present in a machine tool, various techniques to measure temperature and thermal deformation at various locations of the spindle, and development of a mathematical model based on measured temperature and thermal deformation to predict the spindle's thermal error. Thermal error models express the relationships between thermal deformation and temperature, which are established on the basis of analytical calculations, numerical analysis, and experimentation. Temperatures at various locations of the spindle are measured using temperature sensors and infrared imagers, while deformations of the spindle can be measured by employing displacement sensors. Selection of Temperature sensitive points (TSPs) is very crucial for temperature testing and development of models, as it affects the overall effectiveness of the thermal error model. Various techniques to select the TSPs have been discussed. Different techniques for testing and developing thermal error models have also been described in detail. Overall, this review article provides a detailed description of the whole process of developing robust and accurate thermal error models to predict the thermal behavior of spindle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s00170-026-17851-x
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 44
        StartPage: 55
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Spindles (Machine tools)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermal expansion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Machine tools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Temperature measurements
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      – SubjectFull: Mathematical models
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      – TitleFull: A review of modeling for thermal error of motorized spindles of advanced machine tools.
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            NameFull: Baghel, Madhusudan
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            NameFull: Mustafa, Ghulam
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            NameFull: Zhang, Song
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 144
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
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