Using card-sorting to determine information requirements for remote operators of high-level automated vehicles.
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| Title: | Using card-sorting to determine information requirements for remote operators of high-level automated vehicles. |
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| Authors: | Parr, H.1, Harvey, C.1 catherine.harvey@nottingham.ac.uk, Large, D. R.1 |
| Source: | Advances in Transportation Studies. Jul2026, Vol. 69, p195-218. 24p. |
| Subjects: | Information needs, Remote control, Information display systems, Autonomous vehicles, Task analysis, Human behavior, Classification |
| Abstract: | High-level connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) may encounter edge cases which require a human to intervene remotely, particularly during the initial implementation and deployment. The nature of these interventions will vary, demanding different operator tasks and competencies--and, in turn, distinct information requirements (IRs). We present an empirically derived, prioritised classification of IRs for remote operators of high-level automated vehicles and translate these into actionable interface design guidance. Seventy potential IRs were initially collated based on established use cases and supporting literature. Following iterative refinement, 39 IRs were evaluated in a card sorting exercise, in which 20 participants (recruited as pairs) were presented with two remote operation use-cases (taken from ten possible use-cases) and asked to group and prioritise the cards--each showing a different information requirement. Two hundred and sixty-five categories were initially generated. These were subsequently refined using cluster analysis (similarity matrices, dendrograms) and verified using inductive thematic analysis, resulting in eleven distinct classifications: Occupant Information; CAV Interior; CAV Systems; CAV Movement Status; Communication Channels and Connection; Route Information; Immediate Surroundings, Vehicles and Events; Wider Surroundings, Traffic and Events; Obstacles and Obstructions; Other Agents; and Secondary Vehicle. The insights were then applied, supported by interface design principles, to inform the layout of a future remote operator workstation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Advances in Transportation Studies is the property of Advances in Transportation Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 193950205 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Using card-sorting to determine information requirements for remote operators of high-level automated vehicles. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Parr%2C+H%2E%22">Parr, H.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Harvey%2C+C%2E%22">Harvey, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> catherine.harvey@nottingham.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Large%2C+D%2E+R%2E%22">Large, D. R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Advances+in+Transportation+Studies%22">Advances in Transportation Studies</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 69, p195-218. 24p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Information+needs%22">Information needs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Remote+control%22">Remote control</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Information+display+systems%22">Information display systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autonomous+vehicles%22">Autonomous vehicles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Task+analysis%22">Task analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Human+behavior%22">Human behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Classification%22">Classification</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: High-level connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) may encounter edge cases which require a human to intervene remotely, particularly during the initial implementation and deployment. The nature of these interventions will vary, demanding different operator tasks and competencies--and, in turn, distinct information requirements (IRs). We present an empirically derived, prioritised classification of IRs for remote operators of high-level automated vehicles and translate these into actionable interface design guidance. Seventy potential IRs were initially collated based on established use cases and supporting literature. Following iterative refinement, 39 IRs were evaluated in a card sorting exercise, in which 20 participants (recruited as pairs) were presented with two remote operation use-cases (taken from ten possible use-cases) and asked to group and prioritise the cards--each showing a different information requirement. Two hundred and sixty-five categories were initially generated. These were subsequently refined using cluster analysis (similarity matrices, dendrograms) and verified using inductive thematic analysis, resulting in eleven distinct classifications: Occupant Information; CAV Interior; CAV Systems; CAV Movement Status; Communication Channels and Connection; Route Information; Immediate Surroundings, Vehicles and Events; Wider Surroundings, Traffic and Events; Obstacles and Obstructions; Other Agents; and Secondary Vehicle. The insights were then applied, supported by interface design principles, to inform the layout of a future remote operator workstation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Advances in Transportation Studies is the property of Advances in Transportation Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.53136/979122182735412 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 24 StartPage: 195 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Information needs Type: general – SubjectFull: Remote control Type: general – SubjectFull: Information display systems Type: general – SubjectFull: Autonomous vehicles Type: general – SubjectFull: Task analysis Type: general – SubjectFull: Human behavior Type: general – SubjectFull: Classification Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Using card-sorting to determine information requirements for remote operators of high-level automated vehicles. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Parr, H. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Harvey, C. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Large, D. R. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 07 Text: Jul2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 18245463 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 69 Titles: – TitleFull: Advances in Transportation Studies Type: main |
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