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Experimental and numerical study of rigid particles with two planes of symmetry approaching a stable, stationary orientation while sedimenting.

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Title: Experimental and numerical study of rigid particles with two planes of symmetry approaching a stable, stationary orientation while sedimenting.
Authors: Shekhar, Chandra1 (AUTHOR), Mirajkar, Harish N.1 (AUTHOR), Zdybel, Piotr1 (AUTHOR), Melikhov, Yevgen1 (AUTHOR), Ekiel-Jeżewska, Maria L.1 (AUTHOR) mekiel@ippt.pan.pl
Source: Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 5/10/2026, Vol. 1034, p1-36. 36p.
Subjects: Stokes flow, Particle dynamics analysis, Sedimentation analysis, Fluid dynamics, Computer simulation, Mirror symmetry
Abstract: This work investigates experimentally and numerically the dynamics of rigid particles with two orthogonal symmetry planes settling under gravity in a highly viscous fluid at a Reynolds number much smaller than one. Joshi & Govindarajan (2025 Phys. Rev. Lett. 134(1), 014002), showed theoretically that for such shapes, the dynamics are qualitatively different for different signs of the product of two rotational–translational mobility coefficients, evaluated with respect to the particle centre of mass in a symmetric reference frame. However, upon examining a particle's shape, it is not immediately evident if this product is negative, positive or zero. In this paper, we demonstrate how to estimate these coefficients and the sign of their product from experiments, using special initial orientations, and also numerically, based on the Stokes equations. Especially interesting are the 'settlers' – such particles that reorient and approach a stationary stable orientation, and we focus our study on this class of shapes. We show experimentally that cones, crescent moons, arrowheads and open flat rings are the settlers, and we evaluate from the experiments their rotational–translational mobility coefficients. Then, we reconstruct each experimental shape as a rigid conglomerate of many touching beads, and use the precise Hydromultipole code to calculate the mobility coefficients for the conglomerate. The numerical and experimental values are close enough to determine that the particles are the settlers, and to estimate the characteristic reorientation time scales. Our findings apply to non-Brownian micro-objects in water-based solutions – experimentally by the similarity principle and theoretically based on the Stokes equations. The reorientation of sedimenting rigid particles to a stationary stable configuration in a relatively short time might be used for environmental, biological, medical or industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Fluid Mechanics is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 193952137
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
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  Data: Experimental and numerical study of rigid particles with two planes of symmetry approaching a stable, stationary orientation while sedimenting.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shekhar%2C+Chandra%22">Shekhar, Chandra</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mirajkar%2C+Harish+N%2E%22">Mirajkar, Harish N.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zdybel%2C+Piotr%22">Zdybel, Piotr</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Melikhov%2C+Yevgen%22">Melikhov, Yevgen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ekiel-Jeżewska%2C+Maria+L%2E%22">Ekiel-Jeżewska, Maria L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mekiel@ippt.pan.pl</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Fluid+Mechanics%22">Journal of Fluid Mechanics</searchLink>. 5/10/2026, Vol. 1034, p1-36. 36p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stokes+flow%22">Stokes flow</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particle+dynamics+analysis%22">Particle dynamics analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sedimentation+analysis%22">Sedimentation analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluid+dynamics%22">Fluid dynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+simulation%22">Computer simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mirror+symmetry%22">Mirror symmetry</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This work investigates experimentally and numerically the dynamics of rigid particles with two orthogonal symmetry planes settling under gravity in a highly viscous fluid at a Reynolds number much smaller than one. Joshi & Govindarajan (2025 Phys. Rev. Lett. 134(1), 014002), showed theoretically that for such shapes, the dynamics are qualitatively different for different signs of the product of two rotational–translational mobility coefficients, evaluated with respect to the particle centre of mass in a symmetric reference frame. However, upon examining a particle's shape, it is not immediately evident if this product is negative, positive or zero. In this paper, we demonstrate how to estimate these coefficients and the sign of their product from experiments, using special initial orientations, and also numerically, based on the Stokes equations. Especially interesting are the 'settlers' – such particles that reorient and approach a stationary stable orientation, and we focus our study on this class of shapes. We show experimentally that cones, crescent moons, arrowheads and open flat rings are the settlers, and we evaluate from the experiments their rotational–translational mobility coefficients. Then, we reconstruct each experimental shape as a rigid conglomerate of many touching beads, and use the precise Hydromultipole code to calculate the mobility coefficients for the conglomerate. The numerical and experimental values are close enough to determine that the particles are the settlers, and to estimate the characteristic reorientation time scales. Our findings apply to non-Brownian micro-objects in water-based solutions – experimentally by the similarity principle and theoretically based on the Stokes equations. The reorientation of sedimenting rigid particles to a stationary stable configuration in a relatively short time might be used for environmental, biological, medical or industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Fluid Mechanics is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1017/jfm.2026.11438
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 36
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      – SubjectFull: Stokes flow
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Particle dynamics analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sedimentation analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fluid dynamics
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      – SubjectFull: Computer simulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mirror symmetry
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Experimental and numerical study of rigid particles with two planes of symmetry approaching a stable, stationary orientation while sedimenting.
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            NameFull: Shekhar, Chandra
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            NameFull: Melikhov, Yevgen
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              M: 05
              Text: 5/10/2026
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              Y: 2026
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              Value: 1034
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