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Chronoamperometric and voltammetric detection of carbamazepine in water using tungsten oxide nanoparticle platform.

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Title: Chronoamperometric and voltammetric detection of carbamazepine in water using tungsten oxide nanoparticle platform.
Authors: Zwane, Simphiwe1 (AUTHOR) zwanes@unisa.ac.za, Feleni, Usisipho1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Applied Surface Science. Sep2026, Vol. 741, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Carbamazepine, Tungsten oxides, Environmental monitoring, Sewage, Water pollution monitoring, Electrochemical sensors, Chronoamperometry, Voltammetry
Abstract: [Display omitted] • WO 3 nanoparticles were used to modify a glassy carbon electrode for detecting carbamazepine in water. • FTIR, XRD and XPS confirmed the physicochemical properties of WO 3. • The electrooxidation of carbamazepine on the platform was controlled by diffusion. • The limit of detection was 0.976 µM in chronoamperometry and 0.039 µM in DPV analysis. • The recovery percentage was greater than 94%. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is as an emerging pharmaceutical pollutant in water bodies posing negative impact on the ecosystem because of enduring exposure. Herein, an electrochemical sensor composed of tungsten oxide nanoparticles (WO 3 NPs) was designed to detect carbamazepine in phosphate buffer and wastewater using the electrooxidation method. WO 3 NPs were prepared using a precipitation and calcination method. The FTIR, XRD and XPS confirmed the physicochemical properties of WO 3 NPs. SEM and HR-TEM confirmed the morphology of WO 3 nanoparticles. The WO 3 NPs were deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using the drop-casting method and oxidation experiments were performed in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, at pH 7.4, as an electrolyte. The scan rate studies and the Randles–Ševčík theory revealed that the electrooxidation of CBZ on the WO 3 -modified GCE was controlled by diffusion. The limit of detection was 0.976 µM in chronoamperometry and 0.039 µM in DPV analysis in the linear range of 0.1 to 100 µM. The stability was remarkable, with an RSD of 4.7% over 10 measurements for three electrodes. Detection was also evaluated in wastewater, where the recovery percentage was not less than 94%, maintaining good sensitivity, selectivity, and stability under real environmental conditions. The developed WO 3 nanoparticle platform has shown a great potential in sensor applications, offering a promising tool for wastewater treatment and environmental monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:[Display omitted] • WO 3 nanoparticles were used to modify a glassy carbon electrode for detecting carbamazepine in water. • FTIR, XRD and XPS confirmed the physicochemical properties of WO 3. • The electrooxidation of carbamazepine on the platform was controlled by diffusion. • The limit of detection was 0.976 µM in chronoamperometry and 0.039 µM in DPV analysis. • The recovery percentage was greater than 94%. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is as an emerging pharmaceutical pollutant in water bodies posing negative impact on the ecosystem because of enduring exposure. Herein, an electrochemical sensor composed of tungsten oxide nanoparticles (WO 3 NPs) was designed to detect carbamazepine in phosphate buffer and wastewater using the electrooxidation method. WO 3 NPs were prepared using a precipitation and calcination method. The FTIR, XRD and XPS confirmed the physicochemical properties of WO 3 NPs. SEM and HR-TEM confirmed the morphology of WO 3 nanoparticles. The WO 3 NPs were deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using the drop-casting method and oxidation experiments were performed in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, at pH 7.4, as an electrolyte. The scan rate studies and the Randles–Ševčík theory revealed that the electrooxidation of CBZ on the WO 3 -modified GCE was controlled by diffusion. The limit of detection was 0.976 µM in chronoamperometry and 0.039 µM in DPV analysis in the linear range of 0.1 to 100 µM. The stability was remarkable, with an RSD of 4.7% over 10 measurements for three electrodes. Detection was also evaluated in wastewater, where the recovery percentage was not less than 94%, maintaining good sensitivity, selectivity, and stability under real environmental conditions. The developed WO 3 nanoparticle platform has shown a great potential in sensor applications, offering a promising tool for wastewater treatment and environmental monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:01694332
DOI:10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.167191