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A bi-objective inventory optimization in forward and reverse logistic supply chains with shortages.

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Title: A bi-objective inventory optimization in forward and reverse logistic supply chains with shortages.
Authors: Jana, Mou1 (AUTHOR) debjani@maths.iitkgp.ac.in, Chakraborty, Debjani1 (AUTHOR) debjani@maths.iitkgp.ac.in, Goswami, Adrijit1 (AUTHOR)
Source: RAIRO: Operations Research (2804-7303). Mar/Apr2026, Vol. 60 Issue 2, p501-527. 27p.
Subjects: Remanufacturing, Reverse logistics, Carbon emissions, Cost control, Multi-objective optimization, Inventory control, Supply chain management
Abstract: Nowadays, remanufacturing is a sustainable and cost-effective process that restores used products or components to their original performance standards, often making them as good as new. This article focuses on the process of remanufacturing used products, emphasizing their restoration to the original functionality and performance standards and finding a cost-effective solution. It considers various aspects of the remanufacturing process, including collection, inspection, repair, and reassembly, while highlighting the environmental benefits associated with this sustainable practice. We have presented a detailed analysis of all cost components and carbon emissions associated with each process in the system, including costs incurred at the primary manufacturer, primary retailer, collection center, and other relevant stages. The main aim of this article is to optimize total system cost and carbon emissions associated with each process. To get the model optimum, we have solved the bi-objective problem by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), which ensures an optimal balance between the two objectives. The major novelties of this work include imperfect screening, quadratic demand, and unequal shipment. For model validation, a numerical example has been analyzed on the basis of a case study, which results in a set of Pareto optimal solutions for the problem. A sensitivity analysis has been presented to evaluate the impact of varying parameters on the outcomes. The findings of this study reveal that it is possible to achieve up to a 65.21% reduction in costs through the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of RAIRO: Operations Research (2804-7303) is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Data: A bi-objective inventory optimization in forward and reverse logistic supply chains with shortages.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jana%2C+Mou%22">Jana, Mou</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> debjani@maths.iitkgp.ac.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chakraborty%2C+Debjani%22">Chakraborty, Debjani</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> debjani@maths.iitkgp.ac.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Goswami%2C+Adrijit%22">Goswami, Adrijit</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22RAIRO%3A+Operations+Research+%282804-7303%29%22">RAIRO: Operations Research (2804-7303)</searchLink>. Mar/Apr2026, Vol. 60 Issue 2, p501-527. 27p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Remanufacturing%22">Remanufacturing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reverse+logistics%22">Reverse logistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+emissions%22">Carbon emissions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cost+control%22">Cost control</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multi-objective+optimization%22">Multi-objective optimization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Inventory+control%22">Inventory control</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Supply+chain+management%22">Supply chain management</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Nowadays, remanufacturing is a sustainable and cost-effective process that restores used products or components to their original performance standards, often making them as good as new. This article focuses on the process of remanufacturing used products, emphasizing their restoration to the original functionality and performance standards and finding a cost-effective solution. It considers various aspects of the remanufacturing process, including collection, inspection, repair, and reassembly, while highlighting the environmental benefits associated with this sustainable practice. We have presented a detailed analysis of all cost components and carbon emissions associated with each process in the system, including costs incurred at the primary manufacturer, primary retailer, collection center, and other relevant stages. The main aim of this article is to optimize total system cost and carbon emissions associated with each process. To get the model optimum, we have solved the bi-objective problem by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), which ensures an optimal balance between the two objectives. The major novelties of this work include imperfect screening, quadratic demand, and unequal shipment. For model validation, a numerical example has been analyzed on the basis of a case study, which results in a set of Pareto optimal solutions for the problem. A sensitivity analysis has been presented to evaluate the impact of varying parameters on the outcomes. The findings of this study reveal that it is possible to achieve up to a 65.21% reduction in costs through the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of RAIRO: Operations Research (2804-7303) is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1051/ro/2026008
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 27
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      – SubjectFull: Remanufacturing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reverse logistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon emissions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cost control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multi-objective optimization
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      – SubjectFull: Inventory control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Supply chain management
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      – TitleFull: A bi-objective inventory optimization in forward and reverse logistic supply chains with shortages.
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            NameFull: Jana, Mou
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            NameFull: Chakraborty, Debjani
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            NameFull: Goswami, Adrijit
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            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar/Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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