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Modulation Technique of Conformal Metasurface for 3D Spiral Shaped Near-Field with High SNR and Efficiency.

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Title: Modulation Technique of Conformal Metasurface for 3D Spiral Shaped Near-Field with High SNR and Efficiency.
Authors: Huang, Hui-Fen1 huanghf@scut.edu.cn, Niu, Ke-Chun2
Source: Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters. 2026, Vol. 130, p36-43. 8p.
Subjects: Phase modulation, Signal-to-noise ratio, Electronic modulation, Wireless power transmission
Abstract: The curvature effects of curved metasurface (MTS) lead to oblique incidence and different unit radiation normal vectors (DURNVs). Oblique incidence causes a reduction in scattering amplitude and degrades focusing efficiency (FE), and DURNV distorts the radiation pattern of curved MTSs. To the knowledge of the authors, for the first time, this paper proposes a phase amplitude modulation and phase modulation (PAM-PM) combined modulation technique for cylindrical MTS to generate a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and high FE three-dimensional (3D) shaped near field with a spiral cross-sectional shape. In addition, a near field with controllable spatial positions is a practical application requirement, and this paper provides a method to establish a 3D-shaped near field with controlled spatial positions. The proposed cylindrical MTS with PAM-PM modulation technique outperforms the PM technique significantly, achieving an SNR above 13 dB and an FE of 38.1%. For cylindrical MTS with only PM, there exists some noise, and the FE is 33.2%. This proposed modulation technique can be applied to 3D near-field systems based on conformal MTS, including wireless power transfer, radiometric temperature sensors for hyperthermia, and medical imaging systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters is the property of Electromagnetics Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Modulation Technique of Conformal Metasurface for 3D Spiral Shaped Near-Field with High SNR and Efficiency.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Hui-Fen%22">Huang, Hui-Fen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> huanghf@scut.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Niu%2C+Ke-Chun%22">Niu, Ke-Chun</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Progress+in+Electromagnetics+Research+Letters%22">Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 130, p36-43. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+modulation%22">Phase modulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Signal-to-noise+ratio%22">Signal-to-noise ratio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electronic+modulation%22">Electronic modulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wireless+power+transmission%22">Wireless power transmission</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The curvature effects of curved metasurface (MTS) lead to oblique incidence and different unit radiation normal vectors (DURNVs). Oblique incidence causes a reduction in scattering amplitude and degrades focusing efficiency (FE), and DURNV distorts the radiation pattern of curved MTSs. To the knowledge of the authors, for the first time, this paper proposes a phase amplitude modulation and phase modulation (PAM-PM) combined modulation technique for cylindrical MTS to generate a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and high FE three-dimensional (3D) shaped near field with a spiral cross-sectional shape. In addition, a near field with controllable spatial positions is a practical application requirement, and this paper provides a method to establish a 3D-shaped near field with controlled spatial positions. The proposed cylindrical MTS with PAM-PM modulation technique outperforms the PM technique significantly, achieving an SNR above 13 dB and an FE of 38.1%. For cylindrical MTS with only PM, there exists some noise, and the FE is 33.2%. This proposed modulation technique can be applied to 3D near-field systems based on conformal MTS, including wireless power transfer, radiometric temperature sensors for hyperthermia, and medical imaging systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters is the property of Electromagnetics Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.2528/PIERL26011604
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 36
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Phase modulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Signal-to-noise ratio
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electronic modulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wireless power transmission
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Modulation Technique of Conformal Metasurface for 3D Spiral Shaped Near-Field with High SNR and Efficiency.
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            NameFull: Huang, Hui-Fen
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            NameFull: Niu, Ke-Chun
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              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 130
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            – TitleFull: Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters
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