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Diffraction Efficiency Mapping of Pancharatnam‐Berry Diffractive Optical Elements.

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Title: Diffraction Efficiency Mapping of Pancharatnam‐Berry Diffractive Optical Elements.
Authors: Yoshida, Hiroyuki1 (AUTHOR) hiroyuki.yoshida@kwansei.ac.jp, Yoda, Taiki1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of the Society for Information Display. May2026, Vol. 34 Issue 5, p461-470. 10p.
Subjects: Diffractive optical elements, Liquid crystals, Quality control, Geometric quantum phases, Optical diffraction, Optical polarization
Abstract: Liquid crystal (LC) Pancharatnam–Berry phase optical elements (PBOEs) are promising components for XR displays owing to their unique advantages, including lightweight, ultrathin form factor and polarization‐dependent diffraction behavior. A key challenge for PBOEs is achieving high diffraction efficiency over a broad wavelength range because the efficiency depends not only on the LC layer design but also on the local pattern period. This complexity makes accurate evaluation difficult, particularly for space‐variant devices such as PB lenses, where conventional millimeter‐scale probe beams inevitably introduce crosstalk between regions. Here, we present microscopic diffraction spectrometry, in which the propagating direction and polarization are filtered in a microscope to enable characterization of diffraction by the PB phase in localized areas of diameter 100 μm and below. We demonstrate the capability of the proposed technique by quantifying the impact of alignment defects localized within ~10‐μm‐diameter regions on diffraction efficiency, and by generating a spatial efficiency map of a PB lens that reveals performance variations within a single element. We anticipate that this method will be valuable not only for the research and development of high‐performance PBOEs but also for quality control in mass production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Society for Information Display is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194048029
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Diffraction Efficiency Mapping of Pancharatnam‐Berry Diffractive Optical Elements.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yoshida%2C+Hiroyuki%22">Yoshida, Hiroyuki</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hiroyuki.yoshida@kwansei.ac.jp</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yoda%2C+Taiki%22">Yoda, Taiki</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+the+Society+for+Information+Display%22">Journal of the Society for Information Display</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 34 Issue 5, p461-470. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diffractive+optical+elements%22">Diffractive optical elements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Liquid+crystals%22">Liquid crystals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quality+control%22">Quality control</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geometric+quantum+phases%22">Geometric quantum phases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+diffraction%22">Optical diffraction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+polarization%22">Optical polarization</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Liquid crystal (LC) Pancharatnam–Berry phase optical elements (PBOEs) are promising components for XR displays owing to their unique advantages, including lightweight, ultrathin form factor and polarization‐dependent diffraction behavior. A key challenge for PBOEs is achieving high diffraction efficiency over a broad wavelength range because the efficiency depends not only on the LC layer design but also on the local pattern period. This complexity makes accurate evaluation difficult, particularly for space‐variant devices such as PB lenses, where conventional millimeter‐scale probe beams inevitably introduce crosstalk between regions. Here, we present microscopic diffraction spectrometry, in which the propagating direction and polarization are filtered in a microscope to enable characterization of diffraction by the PB phase in localized areas of diameter 100 μm and below. We demonstrate the capability of the proposed technique by quantifying the impact of alignment defects localized within ~10‐μm‐diameter regions on diffraction efficiency, and by generating a spatial efficiency map of a PB lens that reveals performance variations within a single element. We anticipate that this method will be valuable not only for the research and development of high‐performance PBOEs but also for quality control in mass production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of the Society for Information Display is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/jsid.70052
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 461
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Diffractive optical elements
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Liquid crystals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quality control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geometric quantum phases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Optical diffraction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Optical polarization
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Diffraction Efficiency Mapping of Pancharatnam‐Berry Diffractive Optical Elements.
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            NameFull: Yoshida, Hiroyuki
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            NameFull: Yoda, Taiki
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 34
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            – TitleFull: Journal of the Society for Information Display
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