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Sustainable recycling of spent Li‐ion batteries through waste pine needle‐assisted carbothermal reduction for lithium recovery.

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Title: Sustainable recycling of spent Li‐ion batteries through waste pine needle‐assisted carbothermal reduction for lithium recovery.
Authors: Srivastava, Yash1 (AUTHOR), Kumar, Pushpendra1 (AUTHOR), Mondal, Prasenjit1 (AUTHOR) prasenjit.mondal@ch.iitr.ac.in
Source: Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering. Apr2026, Vol. 104 Issue 4, p1852-1862. 11p.
Subjects: Lithium-ion batteries, Lithium, Biomass, Chemical reduction, Waste recycling, Response surfaces (Statistics)
Abstract: As the global dependence on lithium‐ion batteries continues to grow, the challenge of recovering valuable metals from spent batteries has become increasingly crucial. Furthermore, the inappropriate disposal of spent batteries not only affects the loss of critical metals but also poses significant environmental hazards. To address these issues and develop sustainable recycling methods, the use of renewable and environmentally friendly materials is essential. Therefore, a biomass‐based energy‐intensive reduction method is proposed to recover lithium from spent lithium‐ion batteries. Here, waste pine needle was used as a biomass for carbothermal reduction process to convert lithium in the spent cathode powder into Li2CO3, while the transition metals were reduced to Ni, Co/CoO, and MnO. The effect of carbothermal reduction process parameters like temperature, mass ratio of pine needle and spent cathode powder, and residence time on leaching efficiency and reduction efficiency along with process modelling and optimization, was done using response surface methodology. Overall, this study provides an energy efficient approach to recycle spent LIBs using waste pine needles, enabling selective lithium recovery from spent lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194055767
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Sustainable recycling of spent Li‐ion batteries through waste pine needle‐assisted carbothermal reduction for lithium recovery.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Srivastava%2C+Yash%22">Srivastava, Yash</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumar%2C+Pushpendra%22">Kumar, Pushpendra</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mondal%2C+Prasenjit%22">Mondal, Prasenjit</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> prasenjit.mondal@ch.iitr.ac.in</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Canadian+Journal+of+Chemical+Engineering%22">Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 104 Issue 4, p1852-1862. 11p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lithium-ion+batteries%22">Lithium-ion batteries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lithium%22">Lithium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomass%22">Biomass</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+reduction%22">Chemical reduction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Waste+recycling%22">Waste recycling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Response+surfaces+%28Statistics%29%22">Response surfaces (Statistics)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: As the global dependence on lithium‐ion batteries continues to grow, the challenge of recovering valuable metals from spent batteries has become increasingly crucial. Furthermore, the inappropriate disposal of spent batteries not only affects the loss of critical metals but also poses significant environmental hazards. To address these issues and develop sustainable recycling methods, the use of renewable and environmentally friendly materials is essential. Therefore, a biomass‐based energy‐intensive reduction method is proposed to recover lithium from spent lithium‐ion batteries. Here, waste pine needle was used as a biomass for carbothermal reduction process to convert lithium in the spent cathode powder into Li2CO3, while the transition metals were reduced to Ni, Co/CoO, and MnO. The effect of carbothermal reduction process parameters like temperature, mass ratio of pine needle and spent cathode powder, and residence time on leaching efficiency and reduction efficiency along with process modelling and optimization, was done using response surface methodology. Overall, this study provides an energy efficient approach to recycle spent LIBs using waste pine needles, enabling selective lithium recovery from spent lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/cjce.70216
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 1852
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Lithium-ion batteries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lithium
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomass
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical reduction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Waste recycling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Response surfaces (Statistics)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Sustainable recycling of spent Li‐ion batteries through waste pine needle‐assisted carbothermal reduction for lithium recovery.
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            NameFull: Srivastava, Yash
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            NameFull: Kumar, Pushpendra
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          Name:
            NameFull: Mondal, Prasenjit
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 104
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              Value: 4
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            – TitleFull: Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering
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