Applying Pickering Emulsion Encapsulating Active Compounds to Produce Active Gelatin and/or Sodium Caseinate-Based Films.

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Title: Applying Pickering Emulsion Encapsulating Active Compounds to Produce Active Gelatin and/or Sodium Caseinate-Based Films.
Authors: Guevara-Guerrero, Beatriz1 (AUTHOR), Fonda, Bruno Kenzo1 (AUTHOR), Sobral, Paulo J. A.1,2 (AUTHOR) pjsobral@usp.br
Source: Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics. 2026, Vol. 65 Issue 7, p1061-1084. 24p.
Subjects: Pickering emulsions, Bioactive compounds, Biopolymers, Packaging, Food packaging, Gelatin, Antioxidants
Abstract: The encapsulation of bioactive compounds, such as rutin and carvacrol, in Pickering emulsions may contribute to the stability of these compounds, desired for developing active films particularly with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, respectively. Pickering emulsions (PE) were prepared at different homogenization speeds and times and subsequently characterized. The physical, barrier, microstructural, thermal and mechanical properties of gelatin and/or sodium caseinate films, with (PE) or without (C) the incorporation of the PE, were determined. The moisture content of the PE films decreased, and film solubility in water was influenced by the type of biopolymer. Sodium caseinate (SC100) films exhibited the highest solubility. The incorporation of the PE in the films reduced their water vapor permeability. The PE films showed higher color parameter L* values than C films, from −2.0 to 0.8, and the color parameter b* varied from 2.0 to 5.7. The glass transition temperature increased slightly for the 50% of gelatin + 50% of sodium caseinate (GE50:SC50) and for SC100 films with the PE, confirming the phenomenon of cross-linking between proteins and phenols. It was observed that the incorporation of the PE in the films significantly increased the tensile strength in the gelatin films with PE (GE100/PE) compared to the GE50:SC50/PE film due to the relationship with the melting temperature determined in the second scanning (Tm2) (higher crystallinity). These results indicated that incorporating PE loaded with rutin and carvacrol into GE100 produced films with better physicochemical properties for food packaging than GE50:SC50 and SC100 films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Applying Pickering Emulsion Encapsulating Active Compounds to Produce Active Gelatin and/or Sodium Caseinate-Based Films.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guevara-Guerrero%2C+Beatriz%22">Guevara-Guerrero, Beatriz</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fonda%2C+Bruno+Kenzo%22">Fonda, Bruno Kenzo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sobral%2C+Paulo+J%2E+A%2E%22">Sobral, Paulo J. A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> pjsobral@usp.br</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Macromolecular+Science%3A+Physics%22">Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 65 Issue 7, p1061-1084. 24p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pickering+emulsions%22">Pickering emulsions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bioactive+compounds%22">Bioactive compounds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biopolymers%22">Biopolymers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Packaging%22">Packaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Food+packaging%22">Food packaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gelatin%22">Gelatin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antioxidants%22">Antioxidants</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The encapsulation of bioactive compounds, such as rutin and carvacrol, in Pickering emulsions may contribute to the stability of these compounds, desired for developing active films particularly with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, respectively. Pickering emulsions (PE) were prepared at different homogenization speeds and times and subsequently characterized. The physical, barrier, microstructural, thermal and mechanical properties of gelatin and/or sodium caseinate films, with (PE) or without (C) the incorporation of the PE, were determined. The moisture content of the PE films decreased, and film solubility in water was influenced by the type of biopolymer. Sodium caseinate (SC100) films exhibited the highest solubility. The incorporation of the PE in the films reduced their water vapor permeability. The PE films showed higher color parameter L* values than C films, from −2.0 to 0.8, and the color parameter b* varied from 2.0 to 5.7. The glass transition temperature increased slightly for the 50% of gelatin + 50% of sodium caseinate (GE50:SC50) and for SC100 films with the PE, confirming the phenomenon of cross-linking between proteins and phenols. It was observed that the incorporation of the PE in the films significantly increased the tensile strength in the gelatin films with PE (GE100/PE) compared to the GE50:SC50/PE film due to the relationship with the melting temperature determined in the second scanning (Tm2) (higher crystallinity). These results indicated that incorporating PE loaded with rutin and carvacrol into GE100 produced films with better physicochemical properties for food packaging than GE50:SC50 and SC100 films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/00222348.2025.2487373
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 24
        StartPage: 1061
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Pickering emulsions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bioactive compounds
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biopolymers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Packaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Food packaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gelatin
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antioxidants
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Applying Pickering Emulsion Encapsulating Active Compounds to Produce Active Gelatin and/or Sodium Caseinate-Based Films.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Guevara-Guerrero, Beatriz
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Fonda, Bruno Kenzo
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Sobral, Paulo J. A.
    IsPartOfRelationships:
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 00222348
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              Value: 65
            – Type: issue
              Value: 7
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics
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