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Soft, skin-interfaced electronics enable cannula-free wireless monitoring of sleep respiration.

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Title: Soft, skin-interfaced electronics enable cannula-free wireless monitoring of sleep respiration.
Authors: Lee, Byeongjun1,2, Yi, Hoon1,3,4, Kim, Jungmin2, Lee, Jimin1,3, Cho, Seong J.2 scho@cnu.ac.kr, Yeo, Woon-Hong1,3,5,6,7 whyeo@gatech.edu
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 5/19/2026, Vol. 123 Issue 20, p1-12. 29p.
Subjects: Strain sensors, Ventilation monitoring, Respirometers, Wearable technology, Elastomers, Respiratory diseases
Abstract: Sleep-related breathing disorders are prevalent yet frequently underdiagnosed, in part due to limitations of conventional respiratory monitoring technologies. Standard nasal cannulas introduce airflow resistance, discomfort, and poor long-term adherence, constraining at-home and longitudinal assessment. Here, we report a soft, skin-interfaced nasal patch that enables cannula-free, wireless monitoring of respiratory activity during sleep. The device is constructed from ultrathin, elastomeric materials that conform to the nasal surface, coupling respiratory-induced tissue deformation to a strain-sensing element. The mechanics of the skin-device interface and the elastomeric response govern the sensitivity and linearity of signal transduction, enabling quantitative capture of breathing dynamics. An integrated wireless platform transmits deformation signals directly to mobile devices, eliminating the need for external tubing or tethered modules. Modular fabrication permits replacement of the strain sensor and skin-contact interface without compromising mechanical performance. Mechanical characterization under physiologically relevant deformation demonstrates high repeatability and low hysteresis, while in vivo studies confirm that the patch accurately reproduces respiratory waveforms and correlates closely with gold-standard nasal cannula measurements. By integrating soft materials mechanics, wearable strain sensing, and wireless electronics, this system provides a minimally obtrusive platform for continuous respiratory monitoring. The class of technologies presented in this work establishes design principles for skin-interfaced devices, in which elastomeric mechanics, strain transduction, and wireless integration combine to enable quantitative, unobtrusive physiological monitoring in clinical and home environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: Soft, skin-interfaced electronics enable cannula-free wireless monitoring of sleep respiration.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lee%2C+Byeongjun%22">Lee, Byeongjun</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yi%2C+Hoon%22">Yi, Hoon</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3,4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Jungmin%22">Kim, Jungmin</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lee%2C+Jimin%22">Lee, Jimin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cho%2C+Seong+J%2E%22">Cho, Seong J.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> scho@cnu.ac.kr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yeo%2C+Woon-Hong%22">Yeo, Woon-Hong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3,5,6,7</relatesTo><i> whyeo@gatech.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Strain+sensors%22">Strain sensors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ventilation+monitoring%22">Ventilation monitoring</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Respirometers%22">Respirometers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wearable+technology%22">Wearable technology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elastomers%22">Elastomers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Respiratory+diseases%22">Respiratory diseases</searchLink>
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  Data: Sleep-related breathing disorders are prevalent yet frequently underdiagnosed, in part due to limitations of conventional respiratory monitoring technologies. Standard nasal cannulas introduce airflow resistance, discomfort, and poor long-term adherence, constraining at-home and longitudinal assessment. Here, we report a soft, skin-interfaced nasal patch that enables cannula-free, wireless monitoring of respiratory activity during sleep. The device is constructed from ultrathin, elastomeric materials that conform to the nasal surface, coupling respiratory-induced tissue deformation to a strain-sensing element. The mechanics of the skin-device interface and the elastomeric response govern the sensitivity and linearity of signal transduction, enabling quantitative capture of breathing dynamics. An integrated wireless platform transmits deformation signals directly to mobile devices, eliminating the need for external tubing or tethered modules. Modular fabrication permits replacement of the strain sensor and skin-contact interface without compromising mechanical performance. Mechanical characterization under physiologically relevant deformation demonstrates high repeatability and low hysteresis, while in vivo studies confirm that the patch accurately reproduces respiratory waveforms and correlates closely with gold-standard nasal cannula measurements. By integrating soft materials mechanics, wearable strain sensing, and wireless electronics, this system provides a minimally obtrusive platform for continuous respiratory monitoring. The class of technologies presented in this work establishes design principles for skin-interfaced devices, in which elastomeric mechanics, strain transduction, and wireless integration combine to enable quantitative, unobtrusive physiological monitoring in clinical and home environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1073/pnas.2605960123
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      – TitleFull: Soft, skin-interfaced electronics enable cannula-free wireless monitoring of sleep respiration.
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              Text: 5/19/2026
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