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Magneto-Mechanical Coupling Modeling and Full-Cycle Characterization of V-Shaped Crack Evolution in Q345 Steel Using Metal Magnetic Memory.

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Title: Magneto-Mechanical Coupling Modeling and Full-Cycle Characterization of V-Shaped Crack Evolution in Q345 Steel Using Metal Magnetic Memory.
Authors: Xu, Cheng1,2 (AUTHOR), Xing, Haiyan2 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Liwei3 (AUTHOR), Miu, Haibo1,3 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Hai2,3 (AUTHOR) 13757715925@163.com
Source: Materials (1996-1944). May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 10, p1980. 20p.
Subjects: Nondestructive testing, Crack propagation, Structural health monitoring, Steel, Fatigue life, Magnetic coupling, Finite element method, Rock deformation
Abstract: Metal magnetic memory (MMM) is a promising non-destructive evaluation method for ferromagnetic materials, allowing early detection of stress concentration and micro-defects under weak geomagnetic excitation. However, current magneto-mechanical coupling models are computationally complex and insufficient to characterize the full-cycle evolution of mesoscale physically short cracks. This work proposes a magnetic dipole model and its decomposed formulation for V-shaped cracks. Combined with theoretical derivation, finite element simulation, and in situ three-point bending tests on Q345 steel, the magneto-mechanical coupling mechanism and magnetic signal evolution during crack propagation are investigated. Results show that the MMM normal component exhibits obvious peak-peak features at the crack tip, while the tangential component shows a single-peak characteristic. Two critical signal mutations are observed at crack lengths of about 100 μm and 3000 μm, corresponding to micro-meso and meso-macro crack transitions, respectively. The model is verified with relative errors of 15.2% for Hx and 17.6% for Hy. This study reveals the quantitative correlation between MMM signals and full-lifecycle crack growth, supporting damage assessment and fatigue life prediction for ferromagnetic engineering structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194116816
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Magneto-Mechanical Coupling Modeling and Full-Cycle Characterization of V-Shaped Crack Evolution in Q345 Steel Using Metal Magnetic Memory.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Cheng%22">Xu, Cheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xing%2C+Haiyan%22">Xing, Haiyan</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Liwei%22">Zhao, Liwei</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Miu%2C+Haibo%22">Miu, Haibo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Hai%22">Zhang, Hai</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> 13757715925@163.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 19 Issue 10, p1980. 20p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nondestructive+testing%22">Nondestructive testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crack+propagation%22">Crack propagation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+health+monitoring%22">Structural health monitoring</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Steel%22">Steel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fatigue+life%22">Fatigue life</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+coupling%22">Magnetic coupling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+element+method%22">Finite element method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rock+deformation%22">Rock deformation</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Metal magnetic memory (MMM) is a promising non-destructive evaluation method for ferromagnetic materials, allowing early detection of stress concentration and micro-defects under weak geomagnetic excitation. However, current magneto-mechanical coupling models are computationally complex and insufficient to characterize the full-cycle evolution of mesoscale physically short cracks. This work proposes a magnetic dipole model and its decomposed formulation for V-shaped cracks. Combined with theoretical derivation, finite element simulation, and in situ three-point bending tests on Q345 steel, the magneto-mechanical coupling mechanism and magnetic signal evolution during crack propagation are investigated. Results show that the MMM normal component exhibits obvious peak-peak features at the crack tip, while the tangential component shows a single-peak characteristic. Two critical signal mutations are observed at crack lengths of about 100 μm and 3000 μm, corresponding to micro-meso and meso-macro crack transitions, respectively. The model is verified with relative errors of 15.2% for Hx and 17.6% for Hy. This study reveals the quantitative correlation between MMM signals and full-lifecycle crack growth, supporting damage assessment and fatigue life prediction for ferromagnetic engineering structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19101980
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 1980
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      – SubjectFull: Nondestructive testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crack propagation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Structural health monitoring
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Steel
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      – SubjectFull: Fatigue life
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetic coupling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Finite element method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rock deformation
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Magneto-Mechanical Coupling Modeling and Full-Cycle Characterization of V-Shaped Crack Evolution in Q345 Steel Using Metal Magnetic Memory.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Xu, Cheng
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            NameFull: Xing, Haiyan
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            NameFull: Zhao, Liwei
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            NameFull: Miu, Haibo
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            NameFull: Zhang, Hai
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            – D: 15
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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