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M x C y -Type Nanocarbide Crystallization in CrMnFeCoNi, CrMnFeCoNiV 0.5 , and CrMnFeCoNiMo 0.5 HEAs Manufactured Through Powder Metallurgy.

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Title: M x C y -Type Nanocarbide Crystallization in CrMnFeCoNi, CrMnFeCoNiV 0.5 , and CrMnFeCoNiMo 0.5 HEAs Manufactured Through Powder Metallurgy.
Authors: Garcia, Alfredo Martinez1 (AUTHOR), Garay Reyes, Carlos Gamaliel1,2 (AUTHOR), Juárez Arellano, Erick Adrián2,3 (AUTHOR), Ruiz Esparza Rodríguez, Marco Antonio1,4 (AUTHOR), Mendoza Duarte, José Manuel3,5 (AUTHOR), López López, Irving Ignacio1,6 (AUTHOR), Guía Tello, Juan Carlos4,7 (AUTHOR), Rodríguez Cabriales, Gustavo1,5 (AUTHOR), González, Sergio2,6 (AUTHOR), Gutiérrez Castañeda, Emmanuel José3,7 (AUTHOR), Martínez Sánchez, Roberto1,4 (AUTHOR) roberto.martinez@cimav.edu.mx
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). May2026, Vol. 16 Issue 10, p592. 13p.
Subjects: Carbides, High-entropy alloys, Activation energy, Chemical kinetics, Powder metallurgy, X-ray diffraction, Thermal analysis
Abstract: The study presents a comprehensive report on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of carbide crystallization in CrMnFeCoNi, CrMnFeCoNiV0.5, and CrMnFeCoNiMo0.5 HEAs. This study considers only carbon resulting from the decomposition of the process control agent, which diffuses and becomes trapped within the HEA structure (0.79–0.91 wt.% C). The crystallization and growth of the carbides were monitored through thermal analysis and thermo-XRD at different temperatures. The activation energy was calculated using the Kissinger and Flynn/Wall/Ozawa methods, and the crystallization kinetics were evaluated using the Avrami–Erofeev model. The results of the XRD analyses and DTA curves of the CrMnFeCoNi, CrMnFeCoNiV0.5, and CrMnFeCoNiMo0.5 HEAs showed the following nanocarbide crystallization sequences: M7C3→MC→M3C2, M23C6, and MC→M6C, respectively. The transitions observed in the DTA curves were associated with M7C3, M23C6, and MC phases with activation energies (Ea) of 238–251, 188–203, and 326–341 kJ/mol, respectively. Furthermore, kinetic analyses indicate that the crystallization of MxCy-type carbides occurs via nucleation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: M x C y -Type Nanocarbide Crystallization in CrMnFeCoNi, CrMnFeCoNiV 0.5 , and CrMnFeCoNiMo 0.5 HEAs Manufactured Through Powder Metallurgy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Garcia%2C+Alfredo+Martinez%22">Garcia, Alfredo Martinez</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Garay+Reyes%2C+Carlos+Gamaliel%22">Garay Reyes, Carlos Gamaliel</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Juárez+Arellano%2C+Erick+Adrián%22">Juárez Arellano, Erick Adrián</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ruiz+Esparza+Rodríguez%2C+Marco+Antonio%22">Ruiz Esparza Rodríguez, Marco Antonio</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mendoza+Duarte%2C+José+Manuel%22">Mendoza Duarte, José Manuel</searchLink><relatesTo>3,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22López+López%2C+Irving+Ignacio%22">López López, Irving Ignacio</searchLink><relatesTo>1,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guía+Tello%2C+Juan+Carlos%22">Guía Tello, Juan Carlos</searchLink><relatesTo>4,7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rodríguez+Cabriales%2C+Gustavo%22">Rodríguez Cabriales, Gustavo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22González%2C+Sergio%22">González, Sergio</searchLink><relatesTo>2,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gutiérrez+Castañeda%2C+Emmanuel+José%22">Gutiérrez Castañeda, Emmanuel José</searchLink><relatesTo>3,7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Martínez+Sánchez%2C+Roberto%22">Martínez Sánchez, Roberto</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> roberto.martinez@cimav.edu.mx</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 16 Issue 10, p592. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbides%22">Carbides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High-entropy+alloys%22">High-entropy alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Activation+energy%22">Activation energy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+kinetics%22">Chemical kinetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Powder+metallurgy%22">Powder metallurgy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+diffraction%22">X-ray diffraction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+analysis%22">Thermal analysis</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The study presents a comprehensive report on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of carbide crystallization in CrMnFeCoNi, CrMnFeCoNiV0.5, and CrMnFeCoNiMo0.5 HEAs. This study considers only carbon resulting from the decomposition of the process control agent, which diffuses and becomes trapped within the HEA structure (0.79–0.91 wt.% C). The crystallization and growth of the carbides were monitored through thermal analysis and thermo-XRD at different temperatures. The activation energy was calculated using the Kissinger and Flynn/Wall/Ozawa methods, and the crystallization kinetics were evaluated using the Avrami–Erofeev model. The results of the XRD analyses and DTA curves of the CrMnFeCoNi, CrMnFeCoNiV0.5, and CrMnFeCoNiMo0.5 HEAs showed the following nanocarbide crystallization sequences: M7C3→MC→M3C2, M23C6, and MC→M6C, respectively. The transitions observed in the DTA curves were associated with M7C3, M23C6, and MC phases with activation energies (Ea) of 238–251, 188–203, and 326–341 kJ/mol, respectively. Furthermore, kinetic analyses indicate that the crystallization of MxCy-type carbides occurs via nucleation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/nano16100592
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 592
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      – SubjectFull: Carbides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: High-entropy alloys
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      – SubjectFull: Activation energy
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      – SubjectFull: Chemical kinetics
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      – SubjectFull: Powder metallurgy
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      – SubjectFull: Thermal analysis
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      – TitleFull: M x C y -Type Nanocarbide Crystallization in CrMnFeCoNi, CrMnFeCoNiV 0.5 , and CrMnFeCoNiMo 0.5 HEAs Manufactured Through Powder Metallurgy.
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              Text: May2026
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