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Plasma–Induced Modification Mechanisms of PET Films: Correlated Evolution of Topographical Features and Surface Chemical States.

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Title: Plasma–Induced Modification Mechanisms of PET Films: Correlated Evolution of Topographical Features and Surface Chemical States.
Authors: Wang, Yang1 (AUTHOR), Yang, Ying1 (AUTHOR), Hu, Jinlian1 (AUTHOR), Lu, Yuanyuan1 (AUTHOR), Hao, Xiaoyu1 (AUTHOR), Zheng, Jun1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). May2026, Vol. 16 Issue 10, p615. 22p.
Subjects: Polyethylene terephthalate, Plasma materials processing, Surface chemistry, Surface topography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Atomic force microscopy, Wetting
Abstract: The effects of RF plasma treatments using different gases (Ar, O2, and N2) and processing parameters on the surface wettability of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films were systematically investigated. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to characterize the evolution of surface topography and chemical composition. While all treatments enhanced hydrophilicity, the magnitude of improvement and the governing mechanisms were gas-dependent. Among them, O2 plasma treatment exhibited the most pronounced effect: under optimal conditions (20 W, 80 s), the water contact angle (WCA) was reduced to 3.7°, indicating a superhydrophilic surface. This enhancement was primarily attributed to a substantial increase in surface oxygen content (O/C ratio) and the incorporation of strongly polar oxygen-containing functional groups, such as C=O and COOH. N2 plasma offered moderate improvement via nitrogen-containing groups, while non-reactive Ar plasma relied primarily on physical etching, yielding the smallest enhancement. Analysis revealed that wettability evolution was dominated by increased polar surface energy from chemical functionalization, with surface roughness playing a synergistic role. These results demonstrate that optimizing plasma gas and parameters effectively controls PET wettability through the coupled regulation of surface chemistry and topography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Plasma–Induced Modification Mechanisms of PET Films: Correlated Evolution of Topographical Features and Surface Chemical States.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Yang%22">Wang, Yang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Ying%22">Yang, Ying</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hu%2C+Jinlian%22">Hu, Jinlian</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lu%2C+Yuanyuan%22">Lu, Yuanyuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hao%2C+Xiaoyu%22">Hao, Xiaoyu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zheng%2C+Jun%22">Zheng, Jun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 16 Issue 10, p615. 22p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyethylene+terephthalate%22">Polyethylene terephthalate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plasma+materials+processing%22">Plasma materials processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+chemistry%22">Surface chemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+topography%22">Surface topography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+photoelectron+spectroscopy%22">X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atomic+force+microscopy%22">Atomic force microscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wetting%22">Wetting</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The effects of RF plasma treatments using different gases (Ar, O2, and N2) and processing parameters on the surface wettability of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films were systematically investigated. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to characterize the evolution of surface topography and chemical composition. While all treatments enhanced hydrophilicity, the magnitude of improvement and the governing mechanisms were gas-dependent. Among them, O2 plasma treatment exhibited the most pronounced effect: under optimal conditions (20 W, 80 s), the water contact angle (WCA) was reduced to 3.7°, indicating a superhydrophilic surface. This enhancement was primarily attributed to a substantial increase in surface oxygen content (O/C ratio) and the incorporation of strongly polar oxygen-containing functional groups, such as C=O and COOH. N2 plasma offered moderate improvement via nitrogen-containing groups, while non-reactive Ar plasma relied primarily on physical etching, yielding the smallest enhancement. Analysis revealed that wettability evolution was dominated by increased polar surface energy from chemical functionalization, with surface roughness playing a synergistic role. These results demonstrate that optimizing plasma gas and parameters effectively controls PET wettability through the coupled regulation of surface chemistry and topography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/nano16100615
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 22
        StartPage: 615
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      – SubjectFull: Polyethylene terephthalate
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plasma materials processing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surface chemistry
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      – SubjectFull: Surface topography
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      – SubjectFull: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
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      – SubjectFull: Atomic force microscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wetting
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      – TitleFull: Plasma–Induced Modification Mechanisms of PET Films: Correlated Evolution of Topographical Features and Surface Chemical States.
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              Text: May2026
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