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Comparative Assessment of YUNYAO and COSMIC-2 Radio Occultation Bending-Angle Observations.

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Title: Comparative Assessment of YUNYAO and COSMIC-2 Radio Occultation Bending-Angle Observations.
Authors: Wu, Shuaijin1,2 (AUTHOR), Zheng, Yongjun1,2,3 (AUTHOR) yongjun.zheng@nuist.edu.cn, Li, Fenghui3,4 (AUTHOR), Zhuang, Zhaorong4,5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Remote Sensing. May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 10, p1566. 23p.
Subjects: Satellite-based remote sensing, Remote sensing of the atmosphere, Remote sensing devices, Numerical weather forecasting, Global Positioning System
Abstract: Highlights: What are the main findings? YUNYAO provides near-global coverage with a significantly higher observation density compared to COSMIC-2. Within their overlap region, the bending-angle quality of YUNYAO is broadly comparable to that of COSMIC-2; however, when horizontally averaged, YUNYAO exhibits a smaller relative bias than COSMIC-2 below 30 km. What are the implications of the main findings? YUNYAO's near-global and denser coverage fills key gaps in COSMIC-2 sampling, demonstrating its significant potential as a robust data source for numerical weather prediction (NWP). The smaller relative bias of YUNYAO bending-angle observations below 30 km suggests potential for enhanced accuracy when assimilated into NWP systems. GNSS radio occultation (RO) measurements are essential to global Earth observation systems. The YUNYAO constellation offers dense global coverage, high vertical resolution, and all-sky capabilities. This study proposes an improved bending-angle observation operator and presents a comprehensive evaluation of YUNYAO's bending-angle observations against those from COSMIC-2 for December 2024. Our results indicate that YUNYAO achieves near-global coverage and provides substantially more observations than COSMIC-2. Within their region of overlap, the bending-angle quality of YUNYAO is broadly comparable to that of COSMIC-2, though YUNYAO shows a more pronounced negative relative bias above 30 km. In the vertical profile obtained by horizontally averaging the relative bias, YUNYAO exhibits a smaller bias than COSMIC-2 below 30 km. For both RO constellations, bending angles retrieved from Galileo signals exhibit a smaller relative bias than those retrieved from GLONASS in the upper atmosphere. Finally, performance differences are also evident among YUNYAO's individual receivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Comparative Assessment of YUNYAO and COSMIC-2 Radio Occultation Bending-Angle Observations.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Shuaijin%22">Wu, Shuaijin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zheng%2C+Yongjun%22">Zheng, Yongjun</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yongjun.zheng@nuist.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Fenghui%22">Li, Fenghui</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhuang%2C+Zhaorong%22">Zhuang, Zhaorong</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Remote+Sensing%22">Remote Sensing</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 10, p1566. 23p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Satellite-based+remote+sensing%22">Satellite-based remote sensing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Remote+sensing+of+the+atmosphere%22">Remote sensing of the atmosphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Remote+sensing+devices%22">Remote sensing devices</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Numerical+weather+forecasting%22">Numerical weather forecasting</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Global+Positioning+System%22">Global Positioning System</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Highlights: What are the main findings? YUNYAO provides near-global coverage with a significantly higher observation density compared to COSMIC-2. Within their overlap region, the bending-angle quality of YUNYAO is broadly comparable to that of COSMIC-2; however, when horizontally averaged, YUNYAO exhibits a smaller relative bias than COSMIC-2 below 30 km. What are the implications of the main findings? YUNYAO's near-global and denser coverage fills key gaps in COSMIC-2 sampling, demonstrating its significant potential as a robust data source for numerical weather prediction (NWP). The smaller relative bias of YUNYAO bending-angle observations below 30 km suggests potential for enhanced accuracy when assimilated into NWP systems. GNSS radio occultation (RO) measurements are essential to global Earth observation systems. The YUNYAO constellation offers dense global coverage, high vertical resolution, and all-sky capabilities. This study proposes an improved bending-angle observation operator and presents a comprehensive evaluation of YUNYAO's bending-angle observations against those from COSMIC-2 for December 2024. Our results indicate that YUNYAO achieves near-global coverage and provides substantially more observations than COSMIC-2. Within their region of overlap, the bending-angle quality of YUNYAO is broadly comparable to that of COSMIC-2, though YUNYAO shows a more pronounced negative relative bias above 30 km. In the vertical profile obtained by horizontally averaging the relative bias, YUNYAO exhibits a smaller bias than COSMIC-2 below 30 km. For both RO constellations, bending angles retrieved from Galileo signals exhibit a smaller relative bias than those retrieved from GLONASS in the upper atmosphere. Finally, performance differences are also evident among YUNYAO's individual receivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/rs18101566
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Remote sensing of the atmosphere
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      – SubjectFull: Remote sensing devices
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      – SubjectFull: Numerical weather forecasting
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      – TitleFull: Comparative Assessment of YUNYAO and COSMIC-2 Radio Occultation Bending-Angle Observations.
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            NameFull: Wu, Shuaijin
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            NameFull: Zheng, Yongjun
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            NameFull: Li, Fenghui
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              Text: May2026
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              Y: 2026
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