GeoHybridGNN: A Hybrid Intelligent Mapping Framework for Porphyry Copper Prospectivity Mapping Integrating Remote Sensing, Geology, and Geochemistry.
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| Title: | GeoHybridGNN: A Hybrid Intelligent Mapping Framework for Porphyry Copper Prospectivity Mapping Integrating Remote Sensing, Geology, and Geochemistry. |
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| Authors: | Bilal, Muhammad Atif1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Yongzhi1,2,3 (AUTHOR) wangyongzhi@jlu.edu.cn, Hlyniana, Kateryna3,4 (AUTHOR), Nabi, Zubair4,5 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Remote Sensing. May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 10, p1638. 28p. |
| Subjects: | Graph neural networks, Prospecting, Geochemistry, Geology, Remote sensing |
| Geographic Terms: | Pakistan |
| Abstract: | Highlights: What are the main findings? Proposes a geology-informed GeoHybridGNN framework for porphyry copper prospectivity mapping by integrating remote sensing, geochemical, structural, and graph-based neighborhood information with geological node attributes. Produces spatially coherent prospectivity maps and stable uncertainty patterns, with improved target delineation relative to the tested comparison models. What are the implications of the main findings? Shows that hybrid integration of raster-based evidence and graph-based neighborhood learning with geological node attributes can support mineral exploration targeting in structurally complex porphyry systems. Provides an interpretable workflow combining prospectivity mapping, uncertainty estimation, and geochemical ablation analysis for exploration screening. The Western Chagai Belt of Pakistan hosts major porphyry Cu-Au systems, but prospectivity mapping in this arc remains difficult because favorable lithology, intrusive bodies, fault corridors, hydrothermal alteration, and Cu geochemical anomalies are spatially heterogeneous across a structurally complex and arid terrain. These conditions create a scientific need for an integrated mapping framework that can combine remote sensing alteration evidence, geology, structure, and geochemistry within a unified and reproducible workflow. This study presents GeoHybridGNN, a hybrid deep learning framework for porphyry copper prospectivity mapping in the Western Chagai Belt. The framework integrates multi-source raster evidence, including remote sensing-derived spectral alteration indices, a Cu geochemical raster, and distance-to-fault information, with graph-based node representations that combine regular neighborhood adjacency on retained grid cells with node attributes derived from lithology and aligned geoscientific raster summaries. All predictors were harmonized to a common 30 m reference raster grid and evaluated using five-fold spatial block cross-validation to provide a more spatially realistic assessment than ordinary random splitting. The implemented model combines a CNN-based raster patch encoder with a GraphSAGE-based graph classifier. Raster patches extracted around graph nodes are encoded into 64-dimensional embeddings, and these embeddings are concatenated with node-level graph features before full-batch graph learning and prediction. Copper occurrences were used only for supervised label assignment and evaluation and were not used as predictive inputs. The results show that GeoHybridGNN produces spatially coherent prospectivity maps, stable fold-wise prediction patterns, and improved target delineation relative to the tested comparison models. Cu geochemical integration produces only a limited change in global discrimination but provides modest local target sharpening in selected zones. These results indicate that GeoHybridGNN can serve as an uncertainty-aware and geologically constrained decision support workflow for porphyry copper targeting. More broadly, the framework provides a transparent strategy for exploration screening in structurally complex and data-heterogeneous metallogenic belts where remote sensing, geological, structural, and geochemical evidence must be integrated consistently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 194141163 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: GeoHybridGNN: A Hybrid Intelligent Mapping Framework for Porphyry Copper Prospectivity Mapping Integrating Remote Sensing, Geology, and Geochemistry. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bilal%2C+Muhammad+Atif%22">Bilal, Muhammad Atif</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Yongzhi%22">Wang, Yongzhi</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> wangyongzhi@jlu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hlyniana%2C+Kateryna%22">Hlyniana, Kateryna</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nabi%2C+Zubair%22">Nabi, Zubair</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Remote+Sensing%22">Remote Sensing</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 10, p1638. 28p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graph+neural+networks%22">Graph neural networks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prospecting%22">Prospecting</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geochemistry%22">Geochemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geology%22">Geology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Remote+sensing%22">Remote sensing</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pakistan%22">Pakistan</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Highlights: What are the main findings? Proposes a geology-informed GeoHybridGNN framework for porphyry copper prospectivity mapping by integrating remote sensing, geochemical, structural, and graph-based neighborhood information with geological node attributes. Produces spatially coherent prospectivity maps and stable uncertainty patterns, with improved target delineation relative to the tested comparison models. What are the implications of the main findings? Shows that hybrid integration of raster-based evidence and graph-based neighborhood learning with geological node attributes can support mineral exploration targeting in structurally complex porphyry systems. Provides an interpretable workflow combining prospectivity mapping, uncertainty estimation, and geochemical ablation analysis for exploration screening. The Western Chagai Belt of Pakistan hosts major porphyry Cu-Au systems, but prospectivity mapping in this arc remains difficult because favorable lithology, intrusive bodies, fault corridors, hydrothermal alteration, and Cu geochemical anomalies are spatially heterogeneous across a structurally complex and arid terrain. These conditions create a scientific need for an integrated mapping framework that can combine remote sensing alteration evidence, geology, structure, and geochemistry within a unified and reproducible workflow. This study presents GeoHybridGNN, a hybrid deep learning framework for porphyry copper prospectivity mapping in the Western Chagai Belt. The framework integrates multi-source raster evidence, including remote sensing-derived spectral alteration indices, a Cu geochemical raster, and distance-to-fault information, with graph-based node representations that combine regular neighborhood adjacency on retained grid cells with node attributes derived from lithology and aligned geoscientific raster summaries. All predictors were harmonized to a common 30 m reference raster grid and evaluated using five-fold spatial block cross-validation to provide a more spatially realistic assessment than ordinary random splitting. The implemented model combines a CNN-based raster patch encoder with a GraphSAGE-based graph classifier. Raster patches extracted around graph nodes are encoded into 64-dimensional embeddings, and these embeddings are concatenated with node-level graph features before full-batch graph learning and prediction. Copper occurrences were used only for supervised label assignment and evaluation and were not used as predictive inputs. The results show that GeoHybridGNN produces spatially coherent prospectivity maps, stable fold-wise prediction patterns, and improved target delineation relative to the tested comparison models. Cu geochemical integration produces only a limited change in global discrimination but provides modest local target sharpening in selected zones. These results indicate that GeoHybridGNN can serve as an uncertainty-aware and geologically constrained decision support workflow for porphyry copper targeting. More broadly, the framework provides a transparent strategy for exploration screening in structurally complex and data-heterogeneous metallogenic belts where remote sensing, geological, structural, and geochemical evidence must be integrated consistently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=194141163 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/rs18101638 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 28 StartPage: 1638 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Graph neural networks Type: general – SubjectFull: Prospecting Type: general – SubjectFull: Geochemistry Type: general – SubjectFull: Geology Type: general – SubjectFull: Remote sensing Type: general – SubjectFull: Pakistan Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: GeoHybridGNN: A Hybrid Intelligent Mapping Framework for Porphyry Copper Prospectivity Mapping Integrating Remote Sensing, Geology, and Geochemistry. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Bilal, Muhammad Atif – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wang, Yongzhi – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hlyniana, Kateryna – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Nabi, Zubair IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 05 Text: May2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20724292 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 18 – Type: issue Value: 10 Titles: – TitleFull: Remote Sensing Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
