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Evaluating the graphitization potential for bio‐char derived from waste tire, poplar wood, and wheat straw through pyrolysis.

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Title: Evaluating the graphitization potential for bio‐char derived from waste tire, poplar wood, and wheat straw through pyrolysis.
Authors: Bakhshkandi, Aysan Faraji1 (AUTHOR), Gholizadeh, Mortaza2 (AUTHOR) mortaza.gholizadeh@ce.eurecat.org, Fabrega, Sandra Meca2 (AUTHOR), Clarens, Frederic2 (AUTHOR) frederic.clarens@eurecat.org
Source: Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. May/Jun2026, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p1-22. 22p.
Subjects: Graphitization, Pyrolysis, Carbon, Waste tires, Wood, Thermal stability, Charcoal, Wheat straw
Abstract: Graphite, primarily composed of carbon, is a valuable industrial material renowned for its exceptional thermal conductivity, high melting point, and resistance to thermal shock and corrosion. It exists in two forms: natural graphite, a mineral, and synthetic graphite, produced from coal and oil. As the costs of these materials rise and their industrial uses expand, researchers are exploring sustainable ways to produce graphite. This study assessed the possibility of making graphite from poplar wood, waste tires, and wheat straw through pyrolysis at temperatures from 500 to 800°C. Results showed that higher temperatures resulted in lower bio‐char yields, with the best efficiency at 500°C due to increased bio‐char breakdown. Elemental analysis revealed that the carbon content increased while the levels of hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen decreased as the temperature rose. FT‐IR analysis detected both aromatic and aliphatic compounds, with a higher ratio of aromatics at higher temperatures, indicating dehydrogenation. The specific surface area of bio‐char samples was highest at increased pyrolysis temperatures and varied among the materials. XRD analysis confirmed that the crystalline structure of graphite improved with rising temperature, while SEM images showed better porosity and surface area. TGA analysis revealed that all samples experienced less weight loss and greater thermal stability at higher temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Evaluating the graphitization potential for bio‐char derived from waste tire, poplar wood, and wheat straw through pyrolysis.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graphitization%22">Graphitization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pyrolysis%22">Pyrolysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon%22">Carbon</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Waste+tires%22">Waste tires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wood%22">Wood</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+stability%22">Thermal stability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Charcoal%22">Charcoal</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wheat+straw%22">Wheat straw</searchLink>
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  Data: Graphite, primarily composed of carbon, is a valuable industrial material renowned for its exceptional thermal conductivity, high melting point, and resistance to thermal shock and corrosion. It exists in two forms: natural graphite, a mineral, and synthetic graphite, produced from coal and oil. As the costs of these materials rise and their industrial uses expand, researchers are exploring sustainable ways to produce graphite. This study assessed the possibility of making graphite from poplar wood, waste tires, and wheat straw through pyrolysis at temperatures from 500 to 800°C. Results showed that higher temperatures resulted in lower bio‐char yields, with the best efficiency at 500°C due to increased bio‐char breakdown. Elemental analysis revealed that the carbon content increased while the levels of hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen decreased as the temperature rose. FT‐IR analysis detected both aromatic and aliphatic compounds, with a higher ratio of aromatics at higher temperatures, indicating dehydrogenation. The specific surface area of bio‐char samples was highest at increased pyrolysis temperatures and varied among the materials. XRD analysis confirmed that the crystalline structure of graphite improved with rising temperature, while SEM images showed better porosity and surface area. TGA analysis revealed that all samples experienced less weight loss and greater thermal stability at higher temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/ep.70340
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 22
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      – SubjectFull: Graphitization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pyrolysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon
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      – SubjectFull: Waste tires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wood
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermal stability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Charcoal
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wheat straw
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Evaluating the graphitization potential for bio‐char derived from waste tire, poplar wood, and wheat straw through pyrolysis.
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            NameFull: Bakhshkandi, Aysan Faraji
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May/Jun2026
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              Y: 2026
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