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Slow Crack Growth Resistance of HDPE Nanocomposites with Modified Graphenes: A Comparative Study with Carbon Black Masterbatch.

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Title: Slow Crack Growth Resistance of HDPE Nanocomposites with Modified Graphenes: A Comparative Study with Carbon Black Masterbatch.
Authors: Azizi, Mostafa1,2 (AUTHOR), Elhamnia, Mehdi1 (AUTHOR), Hashemi Motlagh, Ghodratollah1,3 (AUTHOR) ghmotlagh@ut.ac.ir, Pauer, Werner2 (AUTHOR) werner.pauer@uni-hamburg.de
Source: Macromolecular Materials & Engineering. May2026, Vol. 311 Issue 5, p1-14. 14p.
Subjects: High density polyethylene, Graphene oxide, Carbon-black, Mechanical behavior of materials, Building material durability, Nanoparticles, Fracture mechanics, Polyethylene
Abstract: High density polyethylene is susceptible to Slow Crack Growth (SCG), which may cause premature failures. In this work, masterbatches of chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO), amino‐functionalized CRGO (FCRGO), and carbon black (CB) were used. Polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (PE‐g‐MA) was used as a compatibilizer. RGO Masterbatches were prepared using solvent‐mixing and compared with the CB industrial masterbatch. Final nanocomposites produced by melt‐mixing (upon 2 wt.% of nanoparticles). Tensile modulus of all composites increased up to 17%. Elongation at break decreased 90% for CRGO composite, but slightly by CB and FCRGO composites (20%) loading. Tensile strength remained almost constant by adding FCRGO and CB, but decreased 60% with CRGO loading. Notched constant tensile loading (NCTL) test results showed improvement in the SCG resistance by adding 1.5 wt.% of FCRGO for more than 50%, but dis‐improvement in the SCG resistance of CB and CRGO composites. Strain hardening modulus (SHM) of FCRGO composites were 7% higher than HDPE, supporting the NCTL results. OLM and SEM macroscopic images showed that FCRGO nanocomposite has better dispersion than the non‐functionalized ones. All tests revealed a strong interaction between FCRGO nanoparticles and the matrix. Thus, FCRGO has a high potential to enhance long‐term properties of HDPE particularly for pipe grade PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Macromolecular Materials & Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Slow Crack Growth Resistance of HDPE Nanocomposites with Modified Graphenes: A Comparative Study with Carbon Black Masterbatch.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Macromolecular+Materials+%26+Engineering%22">Macromolecular Materials & Engineering</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 311 Issue 5, p1-14. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+density+polyethylene%22">High density polyethylene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graphene+oxide%22">Graphene oxide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon-black%22">Carbon-black</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Building+material+durability%22">Building material durability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanoparticles%22">Nanoparticles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fracture+mechanics%22">Fracture mechanics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyethylene%22">Polyethylene</searchLink>
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  Data: High density polyethylene is susceptible to Slow Crack Growth (SCG), which may cause premature failures. In this work, masterbatches of chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO), amino‐functionalized CRGO (FCRGO), and carbon black (CB) were used. Polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (PE‐g‐MA) was used as a compatibilizer. RGO Masterbatches were prepared using solvent‐mixing and compared with the CB industrial masterbatch. Final nanocomposites produced by melt‐mixing (upon 2 wt.% of nanoparticles). Tensile modulus of all composites increased up to 17%. Elongation at break decreased 90% for CRGO composite, but slightly by CB and FCRGO composites (20%) loading. Tensile strength remained almost constant by adding FCRGO and CB, but decreased 60% with CRGO loading. Notched constant tensile loading (NCTL) test results showed improvement in the SCG resistance by adding 1.5 wt.% of FCRGO for more than 50%, but dis‐improvement in the SCG resistance of CB and CRGO composites. Strain hardening modulus (SHM) of FCRGO composites were 7% higher than HDPE, supporting the NCTL results. OLM and SEM macroscopic images showed that FCRGO nanocomposite has better dispersion than the non‐functionalized ones. All tests revealed a strong interaction between FCRGO nanoparticles and the matrix. Thus, FCRGO has a high potential to enhance long‐term properties of HDPE particularly for pipe grade PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Macromolecular Materials & Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/mame.70246
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
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      – SubjectFull: High density polyethylene
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Graphene oxide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon-black
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Building material durability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanoparticles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fracture mechanics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polyethylene
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Slow Crack Growth Resistance of HDPE Nanocomposites with Modified Graphenes: A Comparative Study with Carbon Black Masterbatch.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Azizi, Mostafa
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            NameFull: Elhamnia, Mehdi
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            NameFull: Hashemi Motlagh, Ghodratollah
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            NameFull: Pauer, Werner
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 311
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