A transfer matrix approach for characterizing spherically symmetric acoustic metamaterials and structures.

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Title: A transfer matrix approach for characterizing spherically symmetric acoustic metamaterials and structures.
Authors: Hernandez, Gregory M.1 (AUTHOR) gregory.hernandez@duke.edu, Li, Junfei2 (AUTHOR), Cummer, Steven A.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. May2026, Vol. 159 Issue 5, p4470-4481. 12p.
Subjects: Transfer matrix, Acoustic measurements, Waveguides, Physical acoustics, Sound wave scattering, Acoustic waveguides, Rotational symmetry, Acoustical materials
Abstract: The plane wave transfer matrix method is a robust process for acquiring the acoustic properties of an arbitrary material. To achieve this, the specimen being tested is inserted in a waveguide and subjected to the four-microphone method to capture the pressure fields. This is a powerful and accurate process for simplifying complex three-dimensional geometries to simpler equivalent acoustic properties suitable for two-dimensional analysis, but it does not work for structures lacking plane wave symmetry. Sometimes, it is favorable to characterize a structure through spherical coordinates. A spherically spiraling acoustic metamaterial horn is an appropriate case of a technology that does not fit this traditional planar model. To acquire the acoustic properties that define structures such as these, the four-microphone method, the transfer matrix, and the scattering matrix, for a spherically symmetric system are derived. Unlike the planar transfer matrix analysis, the resulting acoustic properties in this paper are more complex. Variations of the spiraling acoustic metamaterial horn are evaluated by this method both in experimental measurements and simulated environments. This structure and methodology offer ample opportunities for classifying many spherically symmetric acoustic devices with an application in areas, such as ultrasound and audio technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A transfer matrix approach for characterizing spherically symmetric acoustic metamaterials and structures.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hernandez%2C+Gregory+M%2E%22">Hernandez, Gregory M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> gregory.hernandez@duke.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Junfei%22">Li, Junfei</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cummer%2C+Steven+A%2E%22">Cummer, Steven A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America%22">Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 159 Issue 5, p4470-4481. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transfer+matrix%22">Transfer matrix</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acoustic+measurements%22">Acoustic measurements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Waveguides%22">Waveguides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+acoustics%22">Physical acoustics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sound+wave+scattering%22">Sound wave scattering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acoustic+waveguides%22">Acoustic waveguides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rotational+symmetry%22">Rotational symmetry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acoustical+materials%22">Acoustical materials</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The plane wave transfer matrix method is a robust process for acquiring the acoustic properties of an arbitrary material. To achieve this, the specimen being tested is inserted in a waveguide and subjected to the four-microphone method to capture the pressure fields. This is a powerful and accurate process for simplifying complex three-dimensional geometries to simpler equivalent acoustic properties suitable for two-dimensional analysis, but it does not work for structures lacking plane wave symmetry. Sometimes, it is favorable to characterize a structure through spherical coordinates. A spherically spiraling acoustic metamaterial horn is an appropriate case of a technology that does not fit this traditional planar model. To acquire the acoustic properties that define structures such as these, the four-microphone method, the transfer matrix, and the scattering matrix, for a spherically symmetric system are derived. Unlike the planar transfer matrix analysis, the resulting acoustic properties in this paper are more complex. Variations of the spiraling acoustic metamaterial horn are evaluated by this method both in experimental measurements and simulated environments. This structure and methodology offer ample opportunities for classifying many spherically symmetric acoustic devices with an application in areas, such as ultrasound and audio technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1121/10.0043884
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 4470
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Transfer matrix
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Acoustic measurements
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Waveguides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Physical acoustics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sound wave scattering
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Acoustic waveguides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rotational symmetry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Acoustical materials
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A transfer matrix approach for characterizing spherically symmetric acoustic metamaterials and structures.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Hernandez, Gregory M.
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            NameFull: Li, Junfei
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            NameFull: Cummer, Steven A.
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 5
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