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Synthetic modeling of soft x-ray emissivity for magnetic island analysis in LTX- β.

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Title: Synthetic modeling of soft x-ray emissivity for magnetic island analysis in LTX- β.
Authors: Le, Tosh X K1 (AUTHOR) tosh.xk.le@gmail.com, Banerjee, S1 (AUTHOR), Maan, A1 (AUTHOR), Majeski, R1 (AUTHOR), Boyle, D P1 (AUTHOR), Shousha, R1 (AUTHOR), Li, B1 (AUTHOR), Morales, J1 (AUTHOR), López Pérez, C2 (AUTHOR), Gajani, H3 (AUTHOR), Kubota, S4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Plasma Physics & Controlled Fusion. 2026, Vol. 68 Issue 6, p1-13. 13p.
Subjects: Soft X rays, Magnetic structure, Tokamaks, Computer simulation, Tomography, Ray tracing, Magnetic field measurements, Magnetic reconnection
Abstract: We present a synthetic soft x-ray (SXR) forward-modeling framework that characterizes the emissivity structure of rotating magnetic islands in the Lithium Tokamak eXperiment- β across space and time. Magnetic islands associated with tearing modes produce modulations in line-integrated SXR brightness. Traditional tomographic methods struggle to resolve these structures in devices with limited sightlines, resulting in an under-determined inversion problem, or otherwise necessitate equilibrium reconstruction data, preventing their use in active control. Our approach removes this challenge by combining a fully three-dimensional ray-tracing model with a time-dependent emissivity prescription of a m / n = 2 / 1 magnetic island. The model is validated through helical island geometry, rotation measured by magnetic diagnostics, and equilibrium constraints from PSI-Tri reconstructions. Synthetic brightness signals are generated for each photodiode sightline from a modeled emissivity profile and directly compared with experimental data from a tangential midplane SXR array. By fitting the synthetic diagnostic output to the observed brightness across time, we simultaneously infer key geometric parameters-such as island radial location, island width, and rotation frequency-without requiring full tomographic reconstruction, all with an average absolute deviation of less than 3 % . This work demonstrates that forward modeling with a single tangential array can extract key island parameters in a spherical tokamak, providing a computationally efficient alternative to conventional SXR tomography and providing a pathway toward real-time magnetic-island characterization in future devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Plasma Physics & Controlled Fusion is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194202925
AccessLevel: 6
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Synthetic modeling of soft x-ray emissivity for magnetic island analysis in LTX- β.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Le%2C+Tosh+X+K%22">Le, Tosh X K</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> tosh.xk.le@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Banerjee%2C+S%22">Banerjee, S</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maan%2C+A%22">Maan, A</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Majeski%2C+R%22">Majeski, R</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Boyle%2C+D+P%22">Boyle, D P</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shousha%2C+R%22">Shousha, R</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+B%22">Li, B</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Morales%2C+J%22">Morales, J</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22López+Pérez%2C+C%22">López Pérez, C</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gajani%2C+H%22">Gajani, H</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kubota%2C+S%22">Kubota, S</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Plasma+Physics+%26+Controlled+Fusion%22">Plasma Physics & Controlled Fusion</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 68 Issue 6, p1-13. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soft+X+rays%22">Soft X rays</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+structure%22">Magnetic structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tokamaks%22">Tokamaks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+simulation%22">Computer simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tomography%22">Tomography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ray+tracing%22">Ray tracing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+field+measurements%22">Magnetic field measurements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+reconnection%22">Magnetic reconnection</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: We present a synthetic soft x-ray (SXR) forward-modeling framework that characterizes the emissivity structure of rotating magnetic islands in the Lithium Tokamak eXperiment- β across space and time. Magnetic islands associated with tearing modes produce modulations in line-integrated SXR brightness. Traditional tomographic methods struggle to resolve these structures in devices with limited sightlines, resulting in an under-determined inversion problem, or otherwise necessitate equilibrium reconstruction data, preventing their use in active control. Our approach removes this challenge by combining a fully three-dimensional ray-tracing model with a time-dependent emissivity prescription of a m / n = 2 / 1 magnetic island. The model is validated through helical island geometry, rotation measured by magnetic diagnostics, and equilibrium constraints from PSI-Tri reconstructions. Synthetic brightness signals are generated for each photodiode sightline from a modeled emissivity profile and directly compared with experimental data from a tangential midplane SXR array. By fitting the synthetic diagnostic output to the observed brightness across time, we simultaneously infer key geometric parameters-such as island radial location, island width, and rotation frequency-without requiring full tomographic reconstruction, all with an average absolute deviation of less than 3 % . This work demonstrates that forward modeling with a single tangential array can extract key island parameters in a spherical tokamak, providing a computationally efficient alternative to conventional SXR tomography and providing a pathway toward real-time magnetic-island characterization in future devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Plasma Physics & Controlled Fusion is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1088/1361-6587/ae6d6f
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Soft X rays
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic structure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tokamaks
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      – SubjectFull: Computer simulation
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      – SubjectFull: Tomography
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      – SubjectFull: Ray tracing
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetic field measurements
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetic reconnection
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      – TitleFull: Synthetic modeling of soft x-ray emissivity for magnetic island analysis in LTX- β.
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              Text: 2026
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              Y: 2026
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