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Study on the evolution of fretting and sliding worn surface under dry friction condition.

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Title: Study on the evolution of fretting and sliding worn surface under dry friction condition.
Authors: Wang, Zhe1 (AUTHOR) 3115747829@qq.com, Zhang, Po1 (AUTHOR) pozhang@wust.edu.cn, Yue, Zhiwen1 (AUTHOR) zhiwenyue@outlook.com, Wang, Qiang1 (AUTHOR) wangqiang2018@wust.edu.cn, Cai, Zhaobing1 (AUTHOR) caizhaobing@wust.edu.cn, Gu, Le1 (AUTHOR) hitribology@163.com, Li, Wenlong1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Industrial Lubrication & Tribology. 2026, Vol. 78 Issue 5, p779-789. 11p.
Subjects: Sliding wear, Dry friction, Aluminum bronze, Surface defects, Fretting corrosion, Mechanical wear, Material plasticity
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the dynamic evolution of fretting and sliding wear mechanisms to reveal fundamental differences in surface damage progression. Design/methodology/approach: Fretting (D = 100 µm) and sliding (D = 400 µm) tests were performed on a custom ball-on-plate tribometer using nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) blocks sliding against GCr15 steel balls. Wear morphology and mechanisms were characterized using 3D optical microscopy and FE-SEM with EDS elemental analysis, etc. Findings: Fretting wear progresses through three stages: Initial (=10² cycles): Two-body wear leads to the fracture of oxide film and production of metallic fragments; Middle (10² – 3 × 104 cycles): Mechanical fragmentation produces fibrous debris and subsurface microcracks. Final (3 × 104–6 × 104 cycles): Severe oxidative wear forms continuous third body layers with crack-induced delamination. Sliding wear exhibits sustained plastic deformation, producing minimally oxidized flake debris that forms thin, discontinuous third body layers. This stands in stark contrast to the highly oxidized debris observed in fretting wear. Notably, sliding wear rates decline progressively, while fretting rates first increase then decrease. Originality/value: This study focuses on elucidating the distinct dynamic evolution of surface damage in nickelaluminum bronze (NAB) under dry friction, comparing fretting and sliding wear modes. A three-stage model for fretting wear is proposed, characterized by "mechanical fragment formation, wear debris evolution, and oxidative dominance." In contrast, the sliding wear process is found to be primarily governed by a mechanism of "continuous plastic deformation followed by debris accumulation." Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2025-0379/ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Industrial Lubrication & Tribology is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194203535
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Study on the evolution of fretting and sliding worn surface under dry friction condition.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Zhe%22">Wang, Zhe</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> 3115747829@qq.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Po%22">Zhang, Po</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> pozhang@wust.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yue%2C+Zhiwen%22">Yue, Zhiwen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zhiwenyue@outlook.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Qiang%22">Wang, Qiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> wangqiang2018@wust.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cai%2C+Zhaobing%22">Cai, Zhaobing</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> caizhaobing@wust.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gu%2C+Le%22">Gu, Le</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hitribology@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Wenlong%22">Li, Wenlong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Industrial+Lubrication+%26+Tribology%22">Industrial Lubrication & Tribology</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 78 Issue 5, p779-789. 11p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sliding+wear%22">Sliding wear</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dry+friction%22">Dry friction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aluminum+bronze%22">Aluminum bronze</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+defects%22">Surface defects</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fretting+corrosion%22">Fretting corrosion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+wear%22">Mechanical wear</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Material+plasticity%22">Material plasticity</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the dynamic evolution of fretting and sliding wear mechanisms to reveal fundamental differences in surface damage progression. Design/methodology/approach: Fretting (D = 100 µm) and sliding (D = 400 µm) tests were performed on a custom ball-on-plate tribometer using nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) blocks sliding against GCr15 steel balls. Wear morphology and mechanisms were characterized using 3D optical microscopy and FE-SEM with EDS elemental analysis, etc. Findings: Fretting wear progresses through three stages: Initial (=10² cycles): Two-body wear leads to the fracture of oxide film and production of metallic fragments; Middle (10² – 3 × 104 cycles): Mechanical fragmentation produces fibrous debris and subsurface microcracks. Final (3 × 104–6 × 104 cycles): Severe oxidative wear forms continuous third body layers with crack-induced delamination. Sliding wear exhibits sustained plastic deformation, producing minimally oxidized flake debris that forms thin, discontinuous third body layers. This stands in stark contrast to the highly oxidized debris observed in fretting wear. Notably, sliding wear rates decline progressively, while fretting rates first increase then decrease. Originality/value: This study focuses on elucidating the distinct dynamic evolution of surface damage in nickelaluminum bronze (NAB) under dry friction, comparing fretting and sliding wear modes. A three-stage model for fretting wear is proposed, characterized by "mechanical fragment formation, wear debris evolution, and oxidative dominance." In contrast, the sliding wear process is found to be primarily governed by a mechanism of "continuous plastic deformation followed by debris accumulation." Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2025-0379/ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Industrial Lubrication & Tribology is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 779
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Sliding wear
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dry friction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aluminum bronze
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surface defects
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fretting corrosion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical wear
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Material plasticity
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Study on the evolution of fretting and sliding worn surface under dry friction condition.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Wang, Zhe
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Zhang, Po
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            NameFull: Yue, Zhiwen
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            NameFull: Wang, Qiang
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            NameFull: Cai, Zhaobing
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            NameFull: Gu, Le
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            NameFull: Li, Wenlong
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 78
            – Type: issue
              Value: 5
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            – TitleFull: Industrial Lubrication & Tribology
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