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Effect of Dy3+ ion clusters in CaF2: Dy3+ crystals on yellow and mid-infrared laser characteristics.

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Title: Effect of Dy3+ ion clusters in CaF2: Dy3+ crystals on yellow and mid-infrared laser characteristics.
Authors: Zheng, Longxing1,2 (AUTHOR), Huang, Yixiang1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhu, Zhaojie1 (AUTHOR), Huang, Yizhi1 (AUTHOR), Tu, Chaoyang1 (AUTHOR), Lakshminarayana, G.3 (AUTHOR), Wang, Yan1 (AUTHOR) wy@fjirsm.ac.cn
Source: CrystEngComm. 6/2/2026, Vol. 28 Issue 21, p3364-3374. 11p.
Subjects: Calcium fluoride, Atomic clusters, Luminescence, Laser beams, Mid-infrared lasers, Fluorite, Luminescence quenching, Crystal growth
Abstract: CaF2 single crystals doped with Dy3+ in different concentrations (1–8 at%) were grown by the Bridgman method. Their structural and spectral features were studied to realize the concentration quenching mechanisms of yellow (∼570 nm) and mid-infrared (∼3 μm) emissions. XRD and Raman analyses confirmed that all crystals retained the fluorite structure. At high doping concentrations, charge compensation and cluster formation led to lattice expansion and increased disorder. In the absorption spectra, the peak positions, absorption cross-sections, and full widths at half maximum did not change with doping concentration. The yellow emission exhibited complex concentration-dependent behavior, confirming the existence of at least two types of Dy3+ clusters (L-type and M/N-type) with different fluorescence lifetimes in CaF2, which showed distinctly different yellow luminescence characteristics. In contrast, the mid-infrared emission at 2901 nm is less affected by cluster type, achieving optimal performance at a doping concentration of 6 at%, with a stable emission cross-section of approximately 3.1 × 10−21 cm2. This work provides a systematic understanding of the structure–property relationships in Dy3+: CaF2 crystals and offers a route for the development of dual-band yellow and mid-infrared laser materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of CrystEngComm is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Effect of Dy<superscript>3+</superscript> ion clusters in CaF<subscript>2</subscript>: Dy<superscript>3+</superscript> crystals on yellow and mid-infrared laser characteristics.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zheng%2C+Longxing%22">Zheng, Longxing</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Yixiang%22">Huang, Yixiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Zhaojie%22">Zhu, Zhaojie</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Yizhi%22">Huang, Yizhi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tu%2C+Chaoyang%22">Tu, Chaoyang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lakshminarayana%2C+G%2E%22">Lakshminarayana, G.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Yan%22">Wang, Yan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> wy@fjirsm.ac.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22CrystEngComm%22">CrystEngComm</searchLink>. 6/2/2026, Vol. 28 Issue 21, p3364-3374. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calcium+fluoride%22">Calcium fluoride</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atomic+clusters%22">Atomic clusters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Luminescence%22">Luminescence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laser+beams%22">Laser beams</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mid-infrared+lasers%22">Mid-infrared lasers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluorite%22">Fluorite</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Luminescence+quenching%22">Luminescence quenching</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystal+growth%22">Crystal growth</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: CaF2 single crystals doped with Dy3+ in different concentrations (1–8 at%) were grown by the Bridgman method. Their structural and spectral features were studied to realize the concentration quenching mechanisms of yellow (∼570 nm) and mid-infrared (∼3 μm) emissions. XRD and Raman analyses confirmed that all crystals retained the fluorite structure. At high doping concentrations, charge compensation and cluster formation led to lattice expansion and increased disorder. In the absorption spectra, the peak positions, absorption cross-sections, and full widths at half maximum did not change with doping concentration. The yellow emission exhibited complex concentration-dependent behavior, confirming the existence of at least two types of Dy3+ clusters (L-type and M/N-type) with different fluorescence lifetimes in CaF2, which showed distinctly different yellow luminescence characteristics. In contrast, the mid-infrared emission at 2901 nm is less affected by cluster type, achieving optimal performance at a doping concentration of 6 at%, with a stable emission cross-section of approximately 3.1 × 10−21 cm2. This work provides a systematic understanding of the structure–property relationships in Dy3+: CaF2 crystals and offers a route for the development of dual-band yellow and mid-infrared laser materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of CrystEngComm is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1039/d6ce00206d
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 3364
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Calcium fluoride
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Atomic clusters
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Luminescence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Laser beams
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mid-infrared lasers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fluorite
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Luminescence quenching
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crystal growth
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Effect of Dy3+ ion clusters in CaF2: Dy3+ crystals on yellow and mid-infrared laser characteristics.
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            NameFull: Zheng, Longxing
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            NameFull: Zhu, Zhaojie
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            – D: 02
              M: 06
              Text: 6/2/2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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