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A novel 3D-printed tool for in vitro cell interaction studies under flow conditions.

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Title: A novel 3D-printed tool for in vitro cell interaction studies under flow conditions.
Authors: Skoll, Katharina1 (AUTHOR), Zobl, Maria1 (AUTHOR), Heiss, Elke2 (AUTHOR), Braunboeck, Barbara2 (AUTHOR), Meerkatz, Samuel1 (AUTHOR), Radner, Franz3 (AUTHOR), Castonguay, Samuel4 (AUTHOR), Holzner, Markus5 (AUTHOR), Zbiral, Adriana1 (AUTHOR), Wirth, Michael1 (AUTHOR), Anzengruber, Maria1 (AUTHOR) maria.anzengruber@univie.ac.at
Source: Lab on a Chip. 6/2/2026, Vol. 26 Issue 11, p3528-3545. 18p.
Subjects: Sedimentation analysis, Shear (Mechanics), Cell communication, Nanoparticles, Excipients, Hydrodynamics, Three-dimensional printing, Cell culture
Abstract: The interaction of drug formulations with cells is a critical factor in the development of effective therapeutics. Conventional in vitro models, such as static horizontal monolayer cultures, often fail to account for key parameters such as sedimentation, flotation or shear stress, which influence the cellular dose and interaction dynamics. In this study, the FlowCube, an in vitro platform designed to simulate dynamic flow conditions was used to investigate the impact of motion and cell layer orientation on the cell interaction of various particle formulations. Polymeric nanoparticles, microparticles, and buoyant microcapsules were prepared and characterized for size, stability, and sedimentation behaviour. Cell binding of these particles, along with a dissolved lectin ligand as a model soluble substance, was evaluated using the FlowCube and compared with horizontal multiwell plate experiments. Microparticles exhibited significantly lower cell association with vertically oriented cell layers in the FlowCube than with horizontal monolayers, indicating sedimentation-driven accumulation under static conditions. In contrast, buoyant microcapsules showed enhanced cell interaction in the FlowCube, highlighting the role of density-dependent particle dynamics. Cell association of the soluble ligand and the nanoparticle formulation were rather affected by the induced shear stress. These findings demonstrate the critical role of sedimentation, flotation, and shear stress in drug formulation–cell interactions and highlight the need to incorporate controlled motion and consider cell layer orientation for more reliable, physiologically relevant outcomes. The FlowCube is a versatile and valuable addition to conventional in vitro models with the potential to improve the accuracy, reproducibility, and translational relevance of in vitro drug formulation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Lab on a Chip is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: A novel 3D-printed tool for in vitro cell interaction studies under flow conditions.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Skoll%2C+Katharina%22">Skoll, Katharina</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zobl%2C+Maria%22">Zobl, Maria</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Heiss%2C+Elke%22">Heiss, Elke</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Braunboeck%2C+Barbara%22">Braunboeck, Barbara</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Meerkatz%2C+Samuel%22">Meerkatz, Samuel</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Radner%2C+Franz%22">Radner, Franz</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Castonguay%2C+Samuel%22">Castonguay, Samuel</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Holzner%2C+Markus%22">Holzner, Markus</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zbiral%2C+Adriana%22">Zbiral, Adriana</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wirth%2C+Michael%22">Wirth, Michael</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Anzengruber%2C+Maria%22">Anzengruber, Maria</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> maria.anzengruber@univie.ac.at</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Lab+on+a+Chip%22">Lab on a Chip</searchLink>. 6/2/2026, Vol. 26 Issue 11, p3528-3545. 18p.
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  Data: The interaction of drug formulations with cells is a critical factor in the development of effective therapeutics. Conventional in vitro models, such as static horizontal monolayer cultures, often fail to account for key parameters such as sedimentation, flotation or shear stress, which influence the cellular dose and interaction dynamics. In this study, the FlowCube, an in vitro platform designed to simulate dynamic flow conditions was used to investigate the impact of motion and cell layer orientation on the cell interaction of various particle formulations. Polymeric nanoparticles, microparticles, and buoyant microcapsules were prepared and characterized for size, stability, and sedimentation behaviour. Cell binding of these particles, along with a dissolved lectin ligand as a model soluble substance, was evaluated using the FlowCube and compared with horizontal multiwell plate experiments. Microparticles exhibited significantly lower cell association with vertically oriented cell layers in the FlowCube than with horizontal monolayers, indicating sedimentation-driven accumulation under static conditions. In contrast, buoyant microcapsules showed enhanced cell interaction in the FlowCube, highlighting the role of density-dependent particle dynamics. Cell association of the soluble ligand and the nanoparticle formulation were rather affected by the induced shear stress. These findings demonstrate the critical role of sedimentation, flotation, and shear stress in drug formulation–cell interactions and highlight the need to incorporate controlled motion and consider cell layer orientation for more reliable, physiologically relevant outcomes. The FlowCube is a versatile and valuable addition to conventional in vitro models with the potential to improve the accuracy, reproducibility, and translational relevance of in vitro drug formulation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Lab on a Chip is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1039/d6lc00033a
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 3528
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      – SubjectFull: Sedimentation analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Shear (Mechanics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cell communication
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      – SubjectFull: Nanoparticles
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      – SubjectFull: Excipients
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      – SubjectFull: Hydrodynamics
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      – SubjectFull: Three-dimensional printing
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      – SubjectFull: Cell culture
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      – TitleFull: A novel 3D-printed tool for in vitro cell interaction studies under flow conditions.
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              Text: 6/2/2026
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