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Microenvironmental Regulation of Central Nervous System Myelination and Remyelination.

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Title: Microenvironmental Regulation of Central Nervous System Myelination and Remyelination.
Authors: Wang, Yuxuan1,2,3, Tan, Lingzhen1,2,3, Lao, Lin1,2,3, Huang, Xiaomeng2, Zhang, Sheng4,5,6 shengzhang@smu.edu.cn, Sun, Haitao1,3,6 2009sht@smu.edu.cn
Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience. May2026, Vol. 25 Issue 5, p1-26. 26p.
Subjects: Myelination, Demyelination, Central nervous system, Microglia, Extracellular matrix, Oligodendroglia, Astrocytes
Abstract: Both myelination and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) rely on the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs). However, the microenvironment and underlying mechanisms of these two processes are significantly different. Myelination is driven by intrinsic developmental programs, whereas remyelination is triggered as a response to demyelinating injury. These distinct origins shape unique microenvironmental conditions that critically influence the respective processes. The microenvironment comprises, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cellular components. Neurons, microglia, and astrocytes play stage-specific roles, ensuring proper myelin turnover under physiological conditions and regeneration after demyelination. Dysregulation of the microenvironment represents a critical driver of aberrant myelination and remyelination failure, as well as a key limitation of current pro-regenerative strategies. In this review, we discuss the cellular and molecular basis of microenvironmental regulation, recent advances in pathological microenvironmental alterations across demyelinating diseases (multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder) and myelin-associated disorders (Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke), and emerging pro-remyelination strategies targeting the microenvironment, such as Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors and microglia replacement strategies. We provide a non-cell autonomous perspective to advance the understanding of OLs differentiation and CNS remyelination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Integrative Neuroscience is the property of IMR Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194258647
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Microenvironmental Regulation of Central Nervous System Myelination and Remyelination.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Yuxuan%22">Wang, Yuxuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tan%2C+Lingzhen%22">Tan, Lingzhen</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lao%2C+Lin%22">Lao, Lin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Huang%2C+Xiaomeng%22">Huang, Xiaomeng</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Sheng%22">Zhang, Sheng</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5,6</relatesTo><i> shengzhang@smu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sun%2C+Haitao%22">Sun, Haitao</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3,6</relatesTo><i> 2009sht@smu.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Integrative+Neuroscience%22">Journal of Integrative Neuroscience</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 25 Issue 5, p1-26. 26p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Myelination%22">Myelination</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Demyelination%22">Demyelination</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Central+nervous+system%22">Central nervous system</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microglia%22">Microglia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Extracellular+matrix%22">Extracellular matrix</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oligodendroglia%22">Oligodendroglia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Astrocytes%22">Astrocytes</searchLink>
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  Data: Both myelination and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) rely on the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs). However, the microenvironment and underlying mechanisms of these two processes are significantly different. Myelination is driven by intrinsic developmental programs, whereas remyelination is triggered as a response to demyelinating injury. These distinct origins shape unique microenvironmental conditions that critically influence the respective processes. The microenvironment comprises, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cellular components. Neurons, microglia, and astrocytes play stage-specific roles, ensuring proper myelin turnover under physiological conditions and regeneration after demyelination. Dysregulation of the microenvironment represents a critical driver of aberrant myelination and remyelination failure, as well as a key limitation of current pro-regenerative strategies. In this review, we discuss the cellular and molecular basis of microenvironmental regulation, recent advances in pathological microenvironmental alterations across demyelinating diseases (multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder) and myelin-associated disorders (Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke), and emerging pro-remyelination strategies targeting the microenvironment, such as Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors and microglia replacement strategies. We provide a non-cell autonomous perspective to advance the understanding of OLs differentiation and CNS remyelination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Integrative Neuroscience is the property of IMR Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.31083/JIN43257
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 26
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Myelination
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Demyelination
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Central nervous system
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microglia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Extracellular matrix
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oligodendroglia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Astrocytes
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Microenvironmental Regulation of Central Nervous System Myelination and Remyelination.
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            NameFull: Wang, Yuxuan
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            NameFull: Tan, Lingzhen
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            NameFull: Lao, Lin
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            NameFull: Huang, Xiaomeng
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            NameFull: Zhang, Sheng
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            NameFull: Sun, Haitao
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 25
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience
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