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Survival of NASA-cleanroom microbial isolates under simulated space and Martian conditions.

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Title: Survival of NASA-cleanroom microbial isolates under simulated space and Martian conditions.
Authors: Chander, Atul M.1,2, Burr, David J.3,4, Wipf, Severin3, Nitsche, Ruben3, Fujimura, Gretchen1,5, Schubert, Wayne1, Singh, Nitin K.1,6, Bell, Justin J.7, Brandl, Alexander7, Weil, Michael M.7, Elsaesser, Andreas3 a.elsaesser@fu-berlin.de, Venkateswaran, Kasthuri1,8 kjvenkat1955@gmail.com
Source: Applied & Environmental Microbiology. May2026, Vol. 92 Issue 5, p1-15. 15p.
Subjects: Fungi, Microorganisms, Biological decontamination, Microbial contamination, Ultraviolet radiation, Life on Mars, Biosecurity, United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration, Martian atmosphere
Abstract: Planetary protection hinges on understanding microbial survival following reduction procedures, the stressors of space travel, and exposure to extraterrestrial environmental conditions. This study identified 23 fungal strains isolated from NASA spacecraft assembly cleanrooms, capable of surviving ultraviolet radiation exposure. Using experimental simulation facilities, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of microbial survivability and morphology on the most resilient spacecraft-associated microorganisms. Aspergillus calidoustus demonstrated remarkable survival under simulated Martian conditions, withstanding up to 1,440 min of Martian solar irradiation, Mars atmospheric pressure and composition, and the presence of Martian regolith. Lethality only occurred under combined irradiation and cooling to -60°C (the mean Mars surface temperature), emphasizing the synergistic effect of these conditions. Furthermore, A. calidoustus survived long-duration neutron radiation exposure (replicating ionizing space radiation doses) and dry-heat microbial reduction technique (typically used for spacecraft components). This is the first study to perform an end-to-end evaluation of eukaryotic microbial survival across conditions that occur during preparation for, travel to, and robotic exploration of Mars. The experimental facilities and chronic exposure methods utilized offer a biologically meaningful model for understanding microbial risks during long-duration space missions. The capacity for fungal conidia to survive multiple space-relevant conditions suggests their potential as forward contaminants, capable of being transported to and persisting on Mars. As current spacecraft microbial reduction protocols prioritize bacterial spores, this research highlights a critical gap in planetary protection strategies. In addition to offering novel insights into microbial survival, these findings have broader implications for biocontamination within the food, pharmaceutical, and medical sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
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Abstract:Planetary protection hinges on understanding microbial survival following reduction procedures, the stressors of space travel, and exposure to extraterrestrial environmental conditions. This study identified 23 fungal strains isolated from NASA spacecraft assembly cleanrooms, capable of surviving ultraviolet radiation exposure. Using experimental simulation facilities, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of microbial survivability and morphology on the most resilient spacecraft-associated microorganisms. Aspergillus calidoustus demonstrated remarkable survival under simulated Martian conditions, withstanding up to 1,440 min of Martian solar irradiation, Mars atmospheric pressure and composition, and the presence of Martian regolith. Lethality only occurred under combined irradiation and cooling to -60°C (the mean Mars surface temperature), emphasizing the synergistic effect of these conditions. Furthermore, A. calidoustus survived long-duration neutron radiation exposure (replicating ionizing space radiation doses) and dry-heat microbial reduction technique (typically used for spacecraft components). This is the first study to perform an end-to-end evaluation of eukaryotic microbial survival across conditions that occur during preparation for, travel to, and robotic exploration of Mars. The experimental facilities and chronic exposure methods utilized offer a biologically meaningful model for understanding microbial risks during long-duration space missions. The capacity for fungal conidia to survive multiple space-relevant conditions suggests their potential as forward contaminants, capable of being transported to and persisting on Mars. As current spacecraft microbial reduction protocols prioritize bacterial spores, this research highlights a critical gap in planetary protection strategies. In addition to offering novel insights into microbial survival, these findings have broader implications for biocontamination within the food, pharmaceutical, and medical sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00992240
DOI:10.1128/aem.02065-25