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Synergistic integration of graphene and ZnMn3O7 via green hydrothermal route for high-capacitance electrodes.

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Title: Synergistic integration of graphene and ZnMn3O7 via green hydrothermal route for high-capacitance electrodes.
Authors: Nawaz, Pakeeza Aymen1 (AUTHOR), Boota, Muhammad1 (AUTHOR), Almohammedi, Abdullah2 (AUTHOR), Amami, Mongi3 (AUTHOR), Mujtaba, Ali4 (AUTHOR), Khan, M. Naziruddin2 (AUTHOR), Ahmad, Awais5 (AUTHOR), Iqbal, Munawar6 (AUTHOR), Khan, M.I.1 (AUTHOR) muhammad.iftikhar@phys.uol.edu.pk
Source: Diamond & Related Materials. Jun2026, Vol. 166, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Hydrothermal synthesis, Nanocomposite materials, Capacitance measurement, Manganese oxides, Graphene, Supercapacitors, Electrodes, Charge transfer
Abstract: The development of sustainable, high-performance electrode materials is critical for next-generation supercapacitors. Herein, we report a green and eco-friendly hydrothermal synthesis of ZnMn₃O₇ and Graphene@ZnMn₃O₇ nanocomposites using neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract as a natural reductant and stabilizer. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms successful phase integration with an optimized crystallite size of ~20.9 nm and reduced dislocation line density (2.29 × 1015 m−2) for the composite. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) reveals strong Mn–O–Zn bonding and effective graphene coupling through C C vibrations. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images show a porous, flake-like interconnected morphology that suppresses agglomeration and improves electrolyte accessibility. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) measurements show enlarged enclosed areas with mixed capacitive–diffusion-controlled charge storage behavior. Galvanostatic Charge–Discharge (GCD) results reveal that the Graphene@ZnMn 3 O 7 composite delivers a high specific capacitance of 306 F g−1 at 0.8 A g−1 with excellent rate capability, significantly outperforming the pristine electrodes. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) analysis yields a low charge-transfer resistance of 1.19 Ω and a high ion diffusion coefficient of 7.96 × 10−9 cm2 s−1, confirming rapid charge transport. Overall, the synergistic graphene–ZnMn₃O₇ architecture offers strong potential for scalable, high-energy, and sustainable supercapacitor applications. Phytochemical-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of Graphene@ZnMn₃O₇ nanocomposites enabling fast charge transfer, improved ion diffusion, and high capacitive performance. [Display omitted] • Green hydrothermal synthesis of ZnMn₃O₇ using neem extract • Graphene@ZnMn₃O₇ nanocomposite with optimized crystallite size • Strong Mn–O–Zn bonding and effective graphene coupling • High specific capacitance (306 F g−1) at 0.8 A/g • Low charge-transfer resistance (1.19 Ω) and fast ion diffusion [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
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Abstract:The development of sustainable, high-performance electrode materials is critical for next-generation supercapacitors. Herein, we report a green and eco-friendly hydrothermal synthesis of ZnMn₃O₇ and Graphene@ZnMn₃O₇ nanocomposites using neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract as a natural reductant and stabilizer. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms successful phase integration with an optimized crystallite size of ~20.9 nm and reduced dislocation line density (2.29 × 1015 m−2) for the composite. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) reveals strong Mn–O–Zn bonding and effective graphene coupling through C C vibrations. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images show a porous, flake-like interconnected morphology that suppresses agglomeration and improves electrolyte accessibility. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) measurements show enlarged enclosed areas with mixed capacitive–diffusion-controlled charge storage behavior. Galvanostatic Charge–Discharge (GCD) results reveal that the Graphene@ZnMn 3 O 7 composite delivers a high specific capacitance of 306 F g−1 at 0.8 A g−1 with excellent rate capability, significantly outperforming the pristine electrodes. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) analysis yields a low charge-transfer resistance of 1.19 Ω and a high ion diffusion coefficient of 7.96 × 10−9 cm2 s−1, confirming rapid charge transport. Overall, the synergistic graphene–ZnMn₃O₇ architecture offers strong potential for scalable, high-energy, and sustainable supercapacitor applications. Phytochemical-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of Graphene@ZnMn₃O₇ nanocomposites enabling fast charge transfer, improved ion diffusion, and high capacitive performance. [Display omitted] • Green hydrothermal synthesis of ZnMn₃O₇ using neem extract • Graphene@ZnMn₃O₇ nanocomposite with optimized crystallite size • Strong Mn–O–Zn bonding and effective graphene coupling • High specific capacitance (306 F g−1) at 0.8 A/g • Low charge-transfer resistance (1.19 Ω) and fast ion diffusion [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:09259635
DOI:10.1016/j.diamond.2026.113739