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A Comparative CFD Study of Mesh Topology, Wall Treatments, and Turbulence Models for Forced Convection in Narrow Tubes.

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Title: A Comparative CFD Study of Mesh Topology, Wall Treatments, and Turbulence Models for Forced Convection in Narrow Tubes.
Authors: Rahman, Md. Motiur1 (AUTHOR), Sarker, Debasish1 (AUTHOR) dsarker.me@iubat.edu, Mahmud, Tanbin1 (AUTHOR), Sen, Smritijit1 (AUTHOR) smsen@wiley.com
Source: Modelling & Simulation in Engineering. 6/8/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-13. 13p.
Subjects: Computational fluid dynamics, Forced convection, Pressure drop (Fluid dynamics), Heat transfer, Tubes, Numerical grid generation (Numerical analysis), Turbulence
Abstract: This study presents a systematic CFD investigation of forced convection in a long circular tube representative of heat exchanger channels, with particular emphasis on the coupled effects of mesh topology, turbulence modeling, and near‐wall treatment. The primary objective is to identify the most suitable combination of mesh type, turbulence model, and near‐wall treatment for accurately predicting heat transfer and pressure drop over a wide Reynolds number range (Re = 1573 − 23,592). This assessment is carried out through a comprehensive analysis involving five mesh types, 10 turbulence models, and four wall treatments. Validation against experimental data yielded heat transfer predictions within ±10%, with grid independence achieved at approximately 1.7 million cells. The O‐grid mesh provided the highest accuracy but at the highest computational cost, while hexahedral and prism meshes offered optimal accuracy–efficiency trade‐offs. Turbulence models were systematically evaluated using a MATLAB–Fluent framework. The linear pressure‐strain RSM with EWT performed best for wall‐dominated quantities, while k–ω GEKO with standard wall functions and k–ϵ standard with ML treatment excelled at high and transitional Reynolds numbers, respectively. Velocity‐profile analysis at Re = 23,592 showed weak sensitivity to mesh density and axial resolution, enabling accurate bulk‐flow predictions on relatively coarse structured meshes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Modelling & Simulation in Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A Comparative CFD Study of Mesh Topology, Wall Treatments, and Turbulence Models for Forced Convection in Narrow Tubes.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computational+fluid+dynamics%22">Computational fluid dynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forced+convection%22">Forced convection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pressure+drop+%28Fluid+dynamics%29%22">Pressure drop (Fluid dynamics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+transfer%22">Heat transfer</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tubes%22">Tubes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Numerical+grid+generation+%28Numerical+analysis%29%22">Numerical grid generation (Numerical analysis)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Turbulence%22">Turbulence</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This study presents a systematic CFD investigation of forced convection in a long circular tube representative of heat exchanger channels, with particular emphasis on the coupled effects of mesh topology, turbulence modeling, and near‐wall treatment. The primary objective is to identify the most suitable combination of mesh type, turbulence model, and near‐wall treatment for accurately predicting heat transfer and pressure drop over a wide Reynolds number range (Re = 1573 − 23,592). This assessment is carried out through a comprehensive analysis involving five mesh types, 10 turbulence models, and four wall treatments. Validation against experimental data yielded heat transfer predictions within ±10%, with grid independence achieved at approximately 1.7 million cells. The O‐grid mesh provided the highest accuracy but at the highest computational cost, while hexahedral and prism meshes offered optimal accuracy–efficiency trade‐offs. Turbulence models were systematically evaluated using a MATLAB–Fluent framework. The linear pressure‐strain RSM with EWT performed best for wall‐dominated quantities, while k–ω GEKO with standard wall functions and k–ϵ standard with ML treatment excelled at high and transitional Reynolds numbers, respectively. Velocity‐profile analysis at Re = 23,592 showed weak sensitivity to mesh density and axial resolution, enabling accurate bulk‐flow predictions on relatively coarse structured meshes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Modelling & Simulation in Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1155/mse/5335780
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Computational fluid dynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Forced convection
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pressure drop (Fluid dynamics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heat transfer
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tubes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Numerical grid generation (Numerical analysis)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Turbulence
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A Comparative CFD Study of Mesh Topology, Wall Treatments, and Turbulence Models for Forced Convection in Narrow Tubes.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Rahman, Md. Motiur
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            NameFull: Sarker, Debasish
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            NameFull: Mahmud, Tanbin
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            NameFull: Sen, Smritijit
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          Dates:
            – D: 08
              M: 06
              Text: 6/8/2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 2026
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            – TitleFull: Modelling & Simulation in Engineering
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