Enhancing Kevlar Fiber–Matrix Adhesion in 3D Printed Composites via Nd:YAG Laser Treatment.
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| Title: | Enhancing Kevlar Fiber–Matrix Adhesion in 3D Printed Composites via Nd:YAG Laser Treatment. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Mote, Shrinath1 (AUTHOR), Nair, Aditya1 (AUTHOR), Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian2 (AUTHOR) meetkbs@gmail.com, Patadiya, Jigar2 (AUTHOR), Gupta, Shruti2 (AUTHOR), Indalkar, Amol2 (AUTHOR), Bhuiyal, Pankaj K.3,4 (AUTHOR), Banerjee, Archita5 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Polymer Engineering & Science. Jun2026, Vol. 66 Issue 6, p4614-4626. 13p. |
| Subjects: | Nd-YAG lasers, Fiber-matrix interfaces, Surface morphology, Polyphenyleneterephthalamide, Composite materials, Composite structures, Mechanical behavior of materials |
| Abstract: | The highest rates of landfilling of waste poly(aramid) fabric (PAF) are reported in European countries, where only a limited amount is reused or recycled. In contrast, waste poly(para‐aramid) fiber, known as Kevlar, is converted into environmentally friendly and cost‐efficient functional composites that facilitate recycling. Kevlar fiber‐reinforced plastics (KFRPs) composite materials are distinguished by their high specific strength and stiffness. The designation "Kevlar" pertains to the extended molecular structures originating from poly para‐phenylene terephthalamide, which exhibit considerable alignment along the fiber axis due to strong interchain covalent bonds, while showing comparatively weaker hydrogen bonding in the perpendicular orientation, thus resulting in anisotropic characteristics. Researchers are looking at a variety of modification techniques, including oxidation, plasma treatment, x‐ray irradiation, and monomer grafting. The use of Nd:YaG laser treatment, which alters surface roughness and free energy to enhance the adhesion between discarded Aramid fibers and an additively manufactured matrix, is one significant area of study. In this work, ABS/Kevlar sandwich composites covered by direct ink writing (DIW) and made using fused deposition modeling (FDM) were investigated for their mechanical properties and surface morphology. This work carefully assessed the effects of several laser parameters, particularly energy levels (10 and 20 mJ), pulse frequencies (5 and 10 Hz), and contact periods. Characterization methods include field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Izod impact testing, tensile testing, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) measurements used to evaluate energy absorption, modulus, strength, and interfacial bonding. The findings showed that from sample F10P10 (A2) to sample F20P20 (B1), increasing laser power and exposure time resulted in improvements in tensile strength of 31.13%, ILSS of 29.03%, and Izod impact resistance of 31.95%. These results demonstrate how important laser processing settings are for improving the functionality of composite materials that are 3D printed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Polymer Engineering & Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 194451113 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Enhancing Kevlar Fiber–Matrix Adhesion in 3D Printed Composites via Nd:YAG Laser Treatment. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mote%2C+Shrinath%22">Mote, Shrinath</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nair%2C+Aditya%22">Nair, Aditya</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kandasubramanian%2C+Balasubramanian%22">Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> meetkbs@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Patadiya%2C+Jigar%22">Patadiya, Jigar</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gupta%2C+Shruti%22">Gupta, Shruti</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Indalkar%2C+Amol%22">Indalkar, Amol</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bhuiyal%2C+Pankaj+K%2E%22">Bhuiyal, Pankaj K.</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Banerjee%2C+Archita%22">Banerjee, Archita</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymer+Engineering+%26+Science%22">Polymer Engineering & Science</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 66 Issue 6, p4614-4626. 13p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nd-YAG+lasers%22">Nd-YAG lasers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fiber-matrix+interfaces%22">Fiber-matrix interfaces</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+morphology%22">Surface morphology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyphenyleneterephthalamide%22">Polyphenyleneterephthalamide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Composite+materials%22">Composite materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Composite+structures%22">Composite structures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The highest rates of landfilling of waste poly(aramid) fabric (PAF) are reported in European countries, where only a limited amount is reused or recycled. In contrast, waste poly(para‐aramid) fiber, known as Kevlar, is converted into environmentally friendly and cost‐efficient functional composites that facilitate recycling. Kevlar fiber‐reinforced plastics (KFRPs) composite materials are distinguished by their high specific strength and stiffness. The designation "Kevlar" pertains to the extended molecular structures originating from poly para‐phenylene terephthalamide, which exhibit considerable alignment along the fiber axis due to strong interchain covalent bonds, while showing comparatively weaker hydrogen bonding in the perpendicular orientation, thus resulting in anisotropic characteristics. Researchers are looking at a variety of modification techniques, including oxidation, plasma treatment, x‐ray irradiation, and monomer grafting. The use of Nd:YaG laser treatment, which alters surface roughness and free energy to enhance the adhesion between discarded Aramid fibers and an additively manufactured matrix, is one significant area of study. In this work, ABS/Kevlar sandwich composites covered by direct ink writing (DIW) and made using fused deposition modeling (FDM) were investigated for their mechanical properties and surface morphology. This work carefully assessed the effects of several laser parameters, particularly energy levels (10 and 20 mJ), pulse frequencies (5 and 10 Hz), and contact periods. Characterization methods include field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Izod impact testing, tensile testing, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) measurements used to evaluate energy absorption, modulus, strength, and interfacial bonding. The findings showed that from sample F10P10 (A2) to sample F20P20 (B1), increasing laser power and exposure time resulted in improvements in tensile strength of 31.13%, ILSS of 29.03%, and Izod impact resistance of 31.95%. These results demonstrate how important laser processing settings are for improving the functionality of composite materials that are 3D printed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Polymer Engineering & Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1002/pen.70526 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 13 StartPage: 4614 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Nd-YAG lasers Type: general – SubjectFull: Fiber-matrix interfaces Type: general – SubjectFull: Surface morphology Type: general – SubjectFull: Polyphenyleneterephthalamide Type: general – SubjectFull: Composite materials Type: general – SubjectFull: Composite structures Type: general – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Enhancing Kevlar Fiber–Matrix Adhesion in 3D Printed Composites via Nd:YAG Laser Treatment. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mote, Shrinath – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Nair, Aditya – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Patadiya, Jigar – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Gupta, Shruti – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Indalkar, Amol – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Bhuiyal, Pankaj K. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Banerjee, Archita IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 06 Text: Jun2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00323888 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 66 – Type: issue Value: 6 Titles: – TitleFull: Polymer Engineering & Science Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
