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A Unified Conformal FDTD Formulation Based on Harmonic Mean Weighting for Dielectric and PEC Objects.

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Title: A Unified Conformal FDTD Formulation Based on Harmonic Mean Weighting for Dielectric and PEC Objects.
Authors: Li, Cuihua1, Wang, Haofeng1, Zheng, Jun1, Li, Minquan2 limq@ahu.edu.cn
Source: Progress in Electromagnetics Research C. 2026, Vol. 170, p202-209. 8p.
Subjects: Finite difference time domain method, Computational electromagnetics, Electrical conductors, Numerical calculations, Dielectric materials, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: To address the need to differentiate between dielectric and perfect electric conductor (PEC) conformal methods in the finitedifference time-domain (FDTD), this study proposes a conformal approach based on the harmonic mean to achieve a unified formulation. In this approach, the relevant electromagnetic parameters are weighted using harmonic mean weighting, enabling a conformal implementation within the FDTD framework. Both dielectric and PEC conformality are incorporated into a single mathematical framework, allowing for a unified treatment in the FDTD. The proposed method provides a consistent formulation that can be seamlessly integrated with standard FDTD procedures while ensuring high compatibility and accuracy of the results. The conformal method based on harmonic mean requires only 60% of the computational time and 36% of the memory compared to the CST, indicating its high computational efficiency. Furthermore, it demonstrates strong applicability to complex biological models, such as specific absorption rate (SAR) calculations in the human head. This approach is particularly well-suited for RF device design and biomedical applications, offering improved modeling efficiency and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Progress in Electromagnetics Research C is the property of Electromagnetics Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A Unified Conformal FDTD Formulation Based on Harmonic Mean Weighting for Dielectric and PEC Objects.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Cuihua%22">Li, Cuihua</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Haofeng%22">Wang, Haofeng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zheng%2C+Jun%22">Zheng, Jun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Minquan%22">Li, Minquan</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> limq@ahu.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Progress+in+Electromagnetics+Research+C%22">Progress in Electromagnetics Research C</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 170, p202-209. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+difference+time+domain+method%22">Finite difference time domain method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computational+electromagnetics%22">Computational electromagnetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrical+conductors%22">Electrical conductors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Numerical+calculations%22">Numerical calculations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dielectric+materials%22">Dielectric materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomedical+engineering%22">Biomedical engineering</searchLink>
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  Data: To address the need to differentiate between dielectric and perfect electric conductor (PEC) conformal methods in the finitedifference time-domain (FDTD), this study proposes a conformal approach based on the harmonic mean to achieve a unified formulation. In this approach, the relevant electromagnetic parameters are weighted using harmonic mean weighting, enabling a conformal implementation within the FDTD framework. Both dielectric and PEC conformality are incorporated into a single mathematical framework, allowing for a unified treatment in the FDTD. The proposed method provides a consistent formulation that can be seamlessly integrated with standard FDTD procedures while ensuring high compatibility and accuracy of the results. The conformal method based on harmonic mean requires only 60% of the computational time and 36% of the memory compared to the CST, indicating its high computational efficiency. Furthermore, it demonstrates strong applicability to complex biological models, such as specific absorption rate (SAR) calculations in the human head. This approach is particularly well-suited for RF device design and biomedical applications, offering improved modeling efficiency and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Progress in Electromagnetics Research C is the property of Electromagnetics Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.2528/PIERC26041401
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 202
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Finite difference time domain method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computational electromagnetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrical conductors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Numerical calculations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dielectric materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomedical engineering
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: A Unified Conformal FDTD Formulation Based on Harmonic Mean Weighting for Dielectric and PEC Objects.
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            NameFull: Wang, Haofeng
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            NameFull: Zheng, Jun
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            NameFull: Li, Minquan
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            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: 2026
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              Y: 2026
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              Value: 170
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            – TitleFull: Progress in Electromagnetics Research C
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