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Finite element simulation of the biaxial stretching process and mechanical properties of TPU films.

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Title: Finite element simulation of the biaxial stretching process and mechanical properties of TPU films.
Authors: Li, Yuankang1 (AUTHOR), Liao, Guangkai1 (AUTHOR) 14158@hut.edu.cn, Liu, Yuejun1 (AUTHOR), Wen, Yuhang1 (AUTHOR), Xie, Zhenyan1 (AUTHOR), Li, Bin1 (AUTHOR), Lu, Zejia1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Elastomers & Plastics. Aug2026, Vol. 58 Issue 5, p888-918. 31p.
Subjects: Finite element method, Polyurethane elastomers, Springback (Elasticity), Strain rate, Deformations (Mechanics), Mechanical behavior of materials
Abstract: In this paper, we present experimental and finite element simulations for optimizing the biaxial stretching of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) films, demonstrating how key parameters (stretching temperature, stretch ratio, strain rate) determine their mechanical and functional properties. The results identify an optimal processing window (110°C and a 2.5 × 2.5 stretch ratio), yielding an elastic recovery of 89.2%, a 250% increase in strength, and a retained fracture elongation of 1000%. Finite element simulations reveal the deformation patterns, showing that the optimal conditions produce a uniform stress distribution (32.1 MPa), whereas over–stretching causes severe stress concentration (86.0 MPa) near the clamping roots, with fracture prediction errors below 8%. The process–structure–property relationship demonstrates that efficient molecular chain alignment leads to an entropy–driven elastic network. These results provide both general insights and practical guidance for developing high–performance TPU films for high–volume packaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Elastomers & Plastics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194489314
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Finite element simulation of the biaxial stretching process and mechanical properties of TPU films.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Yuankang%22">Li, Yuankang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liao%2C+Guangkai%22">Liao, Guangkai</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> 14158@hut.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Yuejun%22">Liu, Yuejun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wen%2C+Yuhang%22">Wen, Yuhang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xie%2C+Zhenyan%22">Xie, Zhenyan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Bin%22">Li, Bin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lu%2C+Zejia%22">Lu, Zejia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Elastomers+%26+Plastics%22">Journal of Elastomers & Plastics</searchLink>. Aug2026, Vol. 58 Issue 5, p888-918. 31p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+element+method%22">Finite element method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyurethane+elastomers%22">Polyurethane elastomers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Springback+%28Elasticity%29%22">Springback (Elasticity)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Strain+rate%22">Strain rate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deformations+%28Mechanics%29%22">Deformations (Mechanics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In this paper, we present experimental and finite element simulations for optimizing the biaxial stretching of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) films, demonstrating how key parameters (stretching temperature, stretch ratio, strain rate) determine their mechanical and functional properties. The results identify an optimal processing window (110°C and a 2.5 × 2.5 stretch ratio), yielding an elastic recovery of 89.2%, a 250% increase in strength, and a retained fracture elongation of 1000%. Finite element simulations reveal the deformation patterns, showing that the optimal conditions produce a uniform stress distribution (32.1 MPa), whereas over–stretching causes severe stress concentration (86.0 MPa) near the clamping roots, with fracture prediction errors below 8%. The process–structure–property relationship demonstrates that efficient molecular chain alignment leads to an entropy–driven elastic network. These results provide both general insights and practical guidance for developing high–performance TPU films for high–volume packaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Elastomers & Plastics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1177/00952443261435824
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 31
        StartPage: 888
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Finite element method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polyurethane elastomers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Springback (Elasticity)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Strain rate
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deformations (Mechanics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Finite element simulation of the biaxial stretching process and mechanical properties of TPU films.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Li, Yuankang
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            NameFull: Liao, Guangkai
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            NameFull: Liu, Yuejun
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            NameFull: Wen, Yuhang
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            NameFull: Xie, Zhenyan
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            NameFull: Li, Bin
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            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: Aug2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 58
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Elastomers & Plastics
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