Adaptive dynamic programming-based optimal trajectory tracking control of a differential-driven unmanned surface vessel.

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Title: Adaptive dynamic programming-based optimal trajectory tracking control of a differential-driven unmanned surface vessel.
Authors: Lin, Guanting1 (AUTHOR), Teng, Fei1 (AUTHOR) tengfei@dlmu.edu.cn, Yang, Ang2 (AUTHOR), Yu, Renhai3 (AUTHOR), Su, Yuanbo3 (AUTHOR), Li, Tieshan4 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Systems Science. Jul2026, Vol. 57 Issue 9, p2808-2825. 18p.
Subjects: Optimal control theory, Robotic trajectory control, Adaptive control systems, Lyapunov stability, Dynamic programming, Differentiable dynamical systems, Ships, Energy consumption
Abstract: In this paper, an optimal control strategy for trajectory tracking based on adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) is proposed, which can track the reference trajectory accurately and ensure the optimal energy consumption of unmanned surface vessel (USV). The model of the propeller motor system is established for the differential-driven USV, and the pulse width modulation (PWM) duty cycle of the propeller motor is adopted as the direct control input, which is convenient in practical application. The ADP method is used to approximate the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation by actor-critic neural network (NN), and the optimal control strategy is obtained which can solve the differential-driven USV energy consumption problem. The stability of the concerned system with designed controller is analysed by Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation studies on a differential-driven USV are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the designed control method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Systems Science is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Adaptive dynamic programming-based optimal trajectory tracking control of a differential-driven unmanned surface vessel.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Guanting%22">Lin, Guanting</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Teng%2C+Fei%22">Teng, Fei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> tengfei@dlmu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Ang%22">Yang, Ang</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Renhai%22">Yu, Renhai</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Su%2C+Yuanbo%22">Su, Yuanbo</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Tieshan%22">Li, Tieshan</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Systems+Science%22">International Journal of Systems Science</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 57 Issue 9, p2808-2825. 18p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optimal+control+theory%22">Optimal control theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Robotic+trajectory+control%22">Robotic trajectory control</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adaptive+control+systems%22">Adaptive control systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lyapunov+stability%22">Lyapunov stability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dynamic+programming%22">Dynamic programming</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Differentiable+dynamical+systems%22">Differentiable dynamical systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ships%22">Ships</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink>
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  Data: In this paper, an optimal control strategy for trajectory tracking based on adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) is proposed, which can track the reference trajectory accurately and ensure the optimal energy consumption of unmanned surface vessel (USV). The model of the propeller motor system is established for the differential-driven USV, and the pulse width modulation (PWM) duty cycle of the propeller motor is adopted as the direct control input, which is convenient in practical application. The ADP method is used to approximate the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation by actor-critic neural network (NN), and the optimal control strategy is obtained which can solve the differential-driven USV energy consumption problem. The stability of the concerned system with designed controller is analysed by Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation studies on a differential-driven USV are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the designed control method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Systems Science is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
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        Value: 10.1080/00207721.2025.2563112
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 2808
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Optimal control theory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Robotic trajectory control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adaptive control systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lyapunov stability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dynamic programming
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Differentiable dynamical systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ships
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy consumption
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Adaptive dynamic programming-based optimal trajectory tracking control of a differential-driven unmanned surface vessel.
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            NameFull: Lin, Guanting
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            NameFull: Teng, Fei
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            NameFull: Yang, Ang
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            NameFull: Yu, Renhai
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            NameFull: Su, Yuanbo
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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