Geochemical Characteristics and Petrological Signatures of the Shale‐Dominated Patala Formation From Kohat Plateau, Upper Indus Basin (North Pakistan): Insights for Organic Matter Input and Mechanism of Organic Matter Accumulation.
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| Title: | Geochemical Characteristics and Petrological Signatures of the Shale‐Dominated Patala Formation From Kohat Plateau, Upper Indus Basin (North Pakistan): Insights for Organic Matter Input and Mechanism of Organic Matter Accumulation. |
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| Authors: | Ishaq, Muhammad1 (AUTHOR), Hanif, Muhammad1,2 (AUTHOR) hanif.nceg@gmail.com, Hakimi, Mohammed Hail3 (AUTHOR), Jadoon, Quaid Khan4 (AUTHOR), Rizwan, Muhammad5 (AUTHOR), Awais, Muhammad6 (AUTHOR), Wazir, Adnan1 (AUTHOR), Lashin, Aref7 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Journal of Petroleum Geology. Jul2026, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p958-985. 28p. |
| Subjects: | Shale, Geological formations, Paleocene Epoch, Organic compounds, Sediment analysis, Analytical geochemistry |
| Abstract: | This study presents an integrated organic geochemical, petrological characteristics, biomarker, and elemental compositions of shale facies of Paleocene–Eocene Patala Formation. The dataset consists of an outcrop section and an exploratory well (Manzalai‐1) situated in the Kohat Plateau, Upper Indus Basin (North Pakistan). This work aimed to understand organic matter (OM) input and paleoenvironmental settings during the Late Paleocene time and their effect on organic carbon‐rich amassing in Patala shale facies. Geochemical analysis shows that most of the Patala shale sediments are characterized by >1–3.25 wt.% total organic carbon (TOC), demonstrating good OM accumulation under low‐oxygenated environmental settings. During deposition of Patala shale facies, the low‐oxygenated environmental settings (mainly anoxic to euxinic) of water column facilitated preservation of OM. It is revealed by comparatively low pristane (Pr)/phytane (Ph) ratio between 0.79 and 2.38 and relatively higher concentration of vanadium (V) compared to nickel (Ni), with high V/Ni ratio reaching 11 and V/(V + Ni) values as high as 0.92. The current study also investigated the source and origin of OM contribution into the Patala shale facies during deposition. The characteristics of hopane, tricyclic terpane, and sterane biomarkers provide evidence that the Patala shale facies contains mixed OM of planktonic bacteria with terrigenous plant inputs. The finding is confirmed by the presence of marine microorganisms such as coccolithophore plankton and fossilized bacteria, as indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results. Paleoclimatic proxies demonstrate that the climatic conditions were warm and humid during the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) event. The PETM extended warm‐water episodes led to eutrophic conditions, which resulted in intensified subaerial weathering and nutrient mass influx, thereby contributing to rise in marine primary bioproductivity within the photic zone. Consequently, the high bioproductivity concomitant with active OM preservation promoted amassing of organic carbon in Patala shale facies during deposition of the Paleocene–Eocene time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Petroleum Geology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 194490432 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Geochemical Characteristics and Petrological Signatures of the Shale‐Dominated Patala Formation From Kohat Plateau, Upper Indus Basin (North Pakistan): Insights for Organic Matter Input and Mechanism of Organic Matter Accumulation. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ishaq%2C+Muhammad%22">Ishaq, Muhammad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hanif%2C+Muhammad%22">Hanif, Muhammad</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hanif.nceg@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hakimi%2C+Mohammed+Hail%22">Hakimi, Mohammed Hail</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jadoon%2C+Quaid+Khan%22">Jadoon, Quaid Khan</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rizwan%2C+Muhammad%22">Rizwan, Muhammad</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Awais%2C+Muhammad%22">Awais, Muhammad</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wazir%2C+Adnan%22">Wazir, Adnan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lashin%2C+Aref%22">Lashin, Aref</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Petroleum+Geology%22">Journal of Petroleum Geology</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p958-985. 28p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shale%22">Shale</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geological+formations%22">Geological formations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Paleocene+Epoch%22">Paleocene Epoch</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Organic+compounds%22">Organic compounds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sediment+analysis%22">Sediment analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analytical+geochemistry%22">Analytical geochemistry</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: This study presents an integrated organic geochemical, petrological characteristics, biomarker, and elemental compositions of shale facies of Paleocene–Eocene Patala Formation. The dataset consists of an outcrop section and an exploratory well (Manzalai‐1) situated in the Kohat Plateau, Upper Indus Basin (North Pakistan). This work aimed to understand organic matter (OM) input and paleoenvironmental settings during the Late Paleocene time and their effect on organic carbon‐rich amassing in Patala shale facies. Geochemical analysis shows that most of the Patala shale sediments are characterized by >1–3.25 wt.% total organic carbon (TOC), demonstrating good OM accumulation under low‐oxygenated environmental settings. During deposition of Patala shale facies, the low‐oxygenated environmental settings (mainly anoxic to euxinic) of water column facilitated preservation of OM. It is revealed by comparatively low pristane (Pr)/phytane (Ph) ratio between 0.79 and 2.38 and relatively higher concentration of vanadium (V) compared to nickel (Ni), with high V/Ni ratio reaching 11 and V/(V + Ni) values as high as 0.92. The current study also investigated the source and origin of OM contribution into the Patala shale facies during deposition. The characteristics of hopane, tricyclic terpane, and sterane biomarkers provide evidence that the Patala shale facies contains mixed OM of planktonic bacteria with terrigenous plant inputs. The finding is confirmed by the presence of marine microorganisms such as coccolithophore plankton and fossilized bacteria, as indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results. Paleoclimatic proxies demonstrate that the climatic conditions were warm and humid during the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) event. The PETM extended warm‐water episodes led to eutrophic conditions, which resulted in intensified subaerial weathering and nutrient mass influx, thereby contributing to rise in marine primary bioproductivity within the photic zone. Consequently, the high bioproductivity concomitant with active OM preservation promoted amassing of organic carbon in Patala shale facies during deposition of the Paleocene–Eocene time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Petroleum Geology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1111/jpg.70060 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 28 StartPage: 958 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Shale Type: general – SubjectFull: Geological formations Type: general – SubjectFull: Paleocene Epoch Type: general – SubjectFull: Organic compounds Type: general – SubjectFull: Sediment analysis Type: general – SubjectFull: Analytical geochemistry Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Geochemical Characteristics and Petrological Signatures of the Shale‐Dominated Patala Formation From Kohat Plateau, Upper Indus Basin (North Pakistan): Insights for Organic Matter Input and Mechanism of Organic Matter Accumulation. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ishaq, Muhammad – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hanif, Muhammad – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hakimi, Mohammed Hail – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Jadoon, Quaid Khan – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Rizwan, Muhammad – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Awais, Muhammad – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wazir, Adnan – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lashin, Aref IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 07 Text: Jul2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 01416421 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 49 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Petroleum Geology Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
