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Atomic copper clusters in situ anchored on MXene nanosheets as high-performance anodes for vanadium redox flow batteries.

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Title: Atomic copper clusters in situ anchored on MXene nanosheets as high-performance anodes for vanadium redox flow batteries.
Authors: Zhang, Liping1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Xingmin1 (AUTHOR) xmliusy@163.com, Zhao, Zihan2 (AUTHOR) 1284547897@qq.com
Source: Journal of Materials Science. Jul2026, Vol. 61 Issue 28, p20164-20178. 15p.
Subjects: Vanadium redox battery, Copper clusters, Energy storage, Two-dimensional materials (Nanotechnology), Oxidation-reduction reaction, Electrode performance, Electrocatalysts, Catalytic activity
Abstract: Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are a critical technology for large-scale energy storage, and their electrode properties directly determine catalytic activity and structural stability. In this study, copper clusters anchored on MXene sheets (MXene/Cu) are designed as a novel electrocatalyst for the V3+/V2+ redox reaction. The catalytic performance was systematically evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). For battery performance tests, single cells were assembled using plasma-treated graphite felt coated with the MXene/Cu composite as the negative electrode (MXene/Cu/GF). The results demonstrate that MXene/Cu significantly enhances the catalytic activity of the electrode. At a current density of 200 mA cm−2, the cell employing MXene/Cu/GF as the negative electrode exhibits a 22.53% improvement in energy efficiency compared to plasma-treated graphite felt. Remarkably, after 200 charge–discharge cycles, the composite demonstrates exceptional stability, exhibiting only 5.20% total capacity decay. This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between Cu clusters and MXene, which introduces abundant active sites on the graphite felt electrode and accelerates the reaction kinetics of the V3+/V2+ redox couple, thereby enhancing overall cell performance. This work confirms that integrating atomic-level catalysts with two-dimensional MXene offers an effective strategy for advancing VRFB technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194545760
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Atomic copper clusters in situ anchored on MXene nanosheets as high-performance anodes for vanadium redox flow batteries.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Liping%22">Zhang, Liping</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Xingmin%22">Liu, Xingmin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xmliusy@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Zihan%22">Zhao, Zihan</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> 1284547897@qq.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Materials+Science%22">Journal of Materials Science</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 61 Issue 28, p20164-20178. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vanadium+redox+battery%22">Vanadium redox battery</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Copper+clusters%22">Copper clusters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+storage%22">Energy storage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Two-dimensional+materials+%28Nanotechnology%29%22">Two-dimensional materials (Nanotechnology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oxidation-reduction+reaction%22">Oxidation-reduction reaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrode+performance%22">Electrode performance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrocatalysts%22">Electrocatalysts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Catalytic+activity%22">Catalytic activity</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are a critical technology for large-scale energy storage, and their electrode properties directly determine catalytic activity and structural stability. In this study, copper clusters anchored on MXene sheets (MXene/Cu) are designed as a novel electrocatalyst for the V3+/V2+ redox reaction. The catalytic performance was systematically evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). For battery performance tests, single cells were assembled using plasma-treated graphite felt coated with the MXene/Cu composite as the negative electrode (MXene/Cu/GF). The results demonstrate that MXene/Cu significantly enhances the catalytic activity of the electrode. At a current density of 200 mA cm−2, the cell employing MXene/Cu/GF as the negative electrode exhibits a 22.53% improvement in energy efficiency compared to plasma-treated graphite felt. Remarkably, after 200 charge–discharge cycles, the composite demonstrates exceptional stability, exhibiting only 5.20% total capacity decay. This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between Cu clusters and MXene, which introduces abundant active sites on the graphite felt electrode and accelerates the reaction kinetics of the V3+/V2+ redox couple, thereby enhancing overall cell performance. This work confirms that integrating atomic-level catalysts with two-dimensional MXene offers an effective strategy for advancing VRFB technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10853-026-12970-y
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 20164
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      – SubjectFull: Vanadium redox battery
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Copper clusters
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy storage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Two-dimensional materials (Nanotechnology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oxidation-reduction reaction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrode performance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrocatalysts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Catalytic activity
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Atomic copper clusters in situ anchored on MXene nanosheets as high-performance anodes for vanadium redox flow batteries.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Zhang, Liping
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            NameFull: Liu, Xingmin
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            NameFull: Zhao, Zihan
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            – D: 22
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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