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Anisotropic Transparency of Alkali‐Treated Wood.

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Title: Anisotropic Transparency of Alkali‐Treated Wood.
Authors: Yagyu, Hitomi1 (AUTHOR), Murayama, Hiryu2 (AUTHOR), Ishioka, Shun1 (AUTHOR), Kasuga, Takaaki1 (AUTHOR), Koga, Hirotaka1 (AUTHOR), Horikawa, Yoshiki3 (AUTHOR), Nogi, Masaya1 (AUTHOR) nogi@eco.sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp
Source: Macromolecular Materials & Engineering. Feb2026, Vol. 311 Issue 2, p1-7. 7p.
Subjects: Delignification, Potassium hydroxide, Transparent solids, Anisotropic crystals, Cellulose, Light scattering, Composite materials
Abstract: This study elucidates the mechanism by which alkali treatment enhances the transparency of delignified wood, with a focus on the cellulose microfibril skeleton. Following delignification, the resulting material remains translucent due to light scattering from preserved lumens. Subsequent potassium hydroxide (KOH) treatment further removes hemicellulose and exchanges carboxyl‐group counterions, which collectively soften the cell walls. This process allows the cellulose microfibril skeleton to undergo greater densification during drying, thereby reducing light scattering and yielding a highly transparent material without the need for polymer impregnation. We discovered that the inherent anisotropic structure of the wood's skeleton causes differential swelling between tangential and radial sections. The tangential sections, with their lower swelling ratio, undergo a more complete collapse of cell lumens, leading to higher density and superior transparency compared to the radial sections. This optical anisotropy, a direct consequence of the cellulose microfibril arrangement, was also evident in transparent wood‐polymer composites. These findings highlight the fundamental role of the wood's underlying structure in determining its optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Macromolecular Materials & Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Anisotropic Transparency of Alkali‐Treated Wood.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yagyu%2C+Hitomi%22">Yagyu, Hitomi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Murayama%2C+Hiryu%22">Murayama, Hiryu</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ishioka%2C+Shun%22">Ishioka, Shun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kasuga%2C+Takaaki%22">Kasuga, Takaaki</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Koga%2C+Hirotaka%22">Koga, Hirotaka</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Horikawa%2C+Yoshiki%22">Horikawa, Yoshiki</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nogi%2C+Masaya%22">Nogi, Masaya</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> nogi@eco.sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Macromolecular+Materials+%26+Engineering%22">Macromolecular Materials & Engineering</searchLink>. Feb2026, Vol. 311 Issue 2, p1-7. 7p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Delignification%22">Delignification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Potassium+hydroxide%22">Potassium hydroxide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transparent+solids%22">Transparent solids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anisotropic+crystals%22">Anisotropic crystals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cellulose%22">Cellulose</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Light+scattering%22">Light scattering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Composite+materials%22">Composite materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study elucidates the mechanism by which alkali treatment enhances the transparency of delignified wood, with a focus on the cellulose microfibril skeleton. Following delignification, the resulting material remains translucent due to light scattering from preserved lumens. Subsequent potassium hydroxide (KOH) treatment further removes hemicellulose and exchanges carboxyl‐group counterions, which collectively soften the cell walls. This process allows the cellulose microfibril skeleton to undergo greater densification during drying, thereby reducing light scattering and yielding a highly transparent material without the need for polymer impregnation. We discovered that the inherent anisotropic structure of the wood's skeleton causes differential swelling between tangential and radial sections. The tangential sections, with their lower swelling ratio, undergo a more complete collapse of cell lumens, leading to higher density and superior transparency compared to the radial sections. This optical anisotropy, a direct consequence of the cellulose microfibril arrangement, was also evident in transparent wood‐polymer composites. These findings highlight the fundamental role of the wood's underlying structure in determining its optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Macromolecular Materials & Engineering is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
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        Value: 10.1002/mame.202500389
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 7
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      – SubjectFull: Delignification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Potassium hydroxide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transparent solids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anisotropic crystals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cellulose
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Light scattering
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Composite materials
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Anisotropic Transparency of Alkali‐Treated Wood.
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            NameFull: Yagyu, Hitomi
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            NameFull: Murayama, Hiryu
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            NameFull: Ishioka, Shun
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            NameFull: Kasuga, Takaaki
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            NameFull: Koga, Hirotaka
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            NameFull: Horikawa, Yoshiki
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            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 311
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