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Fatigue Damage Characterisation of Notched Fe-SMA by Weak Magnetic Signals.

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Title: Fatigue Damage Characterisation of Notched Fe-SMA by Weak Magnetic Signals.
Authors: Xie, Zhi-Yu1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Xiang1,2 (AUTHOR), Chen, Xu3 (AUTHOR), Wu, Xi4,5 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Shi-Min4,5 (AUTHOR) zhangsm@hzcu.edu.cn
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 11, p2215. 19p.
Subjects: Magnetic hysteresis, Shape memory alloys, Fatigue cracks, Nondestructive testing, Magnetic field measurements, Magnetic anomalies
Abstract: Highlights: Static weak magnetic signals agree well with deformation evolution. Fatigue magnetic signals show a clear three-stage evolution. Magnetic hysteresis loops reveal richer damage information than deformation loops. Post-fracture magnetic anomalies coincide with the crack location. Weak magnetic signals can indicate local fatigue damage in Fe-SMA. The normal component is more suitable for damage localization and evaluation. Combined magnetic monitoring and scanning enable time-space damage assessment. Iron-based shape memory alloys (Fe-SMAs) have considerable potential for the active strengthening of concrete structures, yet convenient externally applicable non-destructive methods for identifying local fatigue damage under cyclic loading remain limited. To investigate the weak magnetic response of notched Fe-SMA and its correspondence with local damage evolution, static tensile tests and constant-amplitude fatigue tests were conducted on Fe-SMA specimens with a semi-circular notch. Weak magnetic signals were continuously monitored at a fixed point throughout loading, and surface magnetic-field scanning was performed after fracture. Under static loading, the magnetic signal evolved consistently with the deformation response. Under fatigue loading, the fixed-point magnetic signal exhibited a clear three-stage evolution corresponding to the development of residual deformation. Compared with deformation hysteresis loops, magnetic hysteresis loops contained richer information on local damage evolution. After fracture, abrupt changes in the scanned magnetic field coincided with the actual fracture location, and the magnetic anomaly gradually attenuated as the scanning path moved away from the notch. These results indicate that weak magnetic signals can effectively characterise the evolution of local fatigue damage in notched Fe-SMA, with the normal magnetic component showing greater sensitivity to damage localisation and state assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Fatigue Damage Characterisation of Notched Fe-SMA by Weak Magnetic Signals.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xie%2C+Zhi-Yu%22">Xie, Zhi-Yu</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Xiang%22">Zhang, Xiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Xu%22">Chen, Xu</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Xi%22">Wu, Xi</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Shi-Min%22">Zhang, Shi-Min</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zhangsm@hzcu.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 11, p2215. 19p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+hysteresis%22">Magnetic hysteresis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shape+memory+alloys%22">Shape memory alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fatigue+cracks%22">Fatigue cracks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nondestructive+testing%22">Nondestructive testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+field+measurements%22">Magnetic field measurements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+anomalies%22">Magnetic anomalies</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Highlights: Static weak magnetic signals agree well with deformation evolution. Fatigue magnetic signals show a clear three-stage evolution. Magnetic hysteresis loops reveal richer damage information than deformation loops. Post-fracture magnetic anomalies coincide with the crack location. Weak magnetic signals can indicate local fatigue damage in Fe-SMA. The normal component is more suitable for damage localization and evaluation. Combined magnetic monitoring and scanning enable time-space damage assessment. Iron-based shape memory alloys (Fe-SMAs) have considerable potential for the active strengthening of concrete structures, yet convenient externally applicable non-destructive methods for identifying local fatigue damage under cyclic loading remain limited. To investigate the weak magnetic response of notched Fe-SMA and its correspondence with local damage evolution, static tensile tests and constant-amplitude fatigue tests were conducted on Fe-SMA specimens with a semi-circular notch. Weak magnetic signals were continuously monitored at a fixed point throughout loading, and surface magnetic-field scanning was performed after fracture. Under static loading, the magnetic signal evolved consistently with the deformation response. Under fatigue loading, the fixed-point magnetic signal exhibited a clear three-stage evolution corresponding to the development of residual deformation. Compared with deformation hysteresis loops, magnetic hysteresis loops contained richer information on local damage evolution. After fracture, abrupt changes in the scanned magnetic field coincided with the actual fracture location, and the magnetic anomaly gradually attenuated as the scanning path moved away from the notch. These results indicate that weak magnetic signals can effectively characterise the evolution of local fatigue damage in notched Fe-SMA, with the normal magnetic component showing greater sensitivity to damage localisation and state assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19112215
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 2215
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetic hysteresis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Shape memory alloys
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fatigue cracks
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nondestructive testing
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetic field measurements
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic anomalies
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Fatigue Damage Characterisation of Notched Fe-SMA by Weak Magnetic Signals.
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            NameFull: Xie, Zhi-Yu
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            NameFull: Chen, Xu
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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