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Achieving High-Temperature Measurement Using Thermionic Emission from a W–La 2 O 3 Cathode in Low-Pressure Argon Glow Discharge.

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Title: Achieving High-Temperature Measurement Using Thermionic Emission from a W–La 2 O 3 Cathode in Low-Pressure Argon Glow Discharge.
Authors: Liang, Wei1 (AUTHOR) weyliang@163.com, Zhang, Xinyu1,2 (AUTHOR), Wang, Jun1,2 (AUTHOR), Wu, Fanlei1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Kai1,2 (AUTHOR), Cao, Qun1,2 (AUTHOR), Tang, Minggang1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 11, p2230. 16p.
Subjects: Thermionic emission, Ion bombardment, Cathodes, Pyrometry, Cathode efficiency, Glow discharges
Abstract: This study investigates the feasibility of obtaining high-temperature (2000–2200 °C) measurements using thermionic emission from a W–La2O3 cathode in a low-pressure argon glow discharge environment. Compared to a vacuum environment, the cathode emission characteristics and temperature variation patterns in a plasma environment exhibit significant differences. These differences arise primarily from the competitive interplay between the thermionic emission cooling (TEC) effect and the ion bombardment heating (IBH) effect. Among the discharge parameters (temperature, applied bias voltage, and background pressure), the applied bias voltage is the key factor influencing this competitive interplay. Consequently, the cathode surface temperature exhibits three distinct regions as a function of bias voltage: the TEC-dominated region (10–20 V), the transition region (20–40 V), where TEC and IBH are nearly in equilibrium, and the IBH-dominated region (40–60 V). The results indicate that by adjusting the discharge parameters to place thermionic emission in the transition region, the TEC and IBH effects can be mutually offset. Under these conditions, the cathode temperature can be unambiguously determined from the measured emission current using the modified Schottky equation. This approach simplifies the functional relationship between emission current and temperature (J–T), thereby enabling high-temperature measurements to be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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An: 194587141
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Achieving High-Temperature Measurement Using Thermionic Emission from a W–La 2 O 3 Cathode in Low-Pressure Argon Glow Discharge.
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  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liang%2C+Wei%22">Liang, Wei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> weyliang@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Xinyu%22">Zhang, Xinyu</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Jun%22">Wang, Jun</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Fanlei%22">Wu, Fanlei</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Kai%22">Zhang, Kai</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cao%2C+Qun%22">Cao, Qun</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tang%2C+Minggang%22">Tang, Minggang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 11, p2230. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermionic+emission%22">Thermionic emission</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ion+bombardment%22">Ion bombardment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cathodes%22">Cathodes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pyrometry%22">Pyrometry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cathode+efficiency%22">Cathode efficiency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Glow+discharges%22">Glow discharges</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study investigates the feasibility of obtaining high-temperature (2000–2200 °C) measurements using thermionic emission from a W–La2O3 cathode in a low-pressure argon glow discharge environment. Compared to a vacuum environment, the cathode emission characteristics and temperature variation patterns in a plasma environment exhibit significant differences. These differences arise primarily from the competitive interplay between the thermionic emission cooling (TEC) effect and the ion bombardment heating (IBH) effect. Among the discharge parameters (temperature, applied bias voltage, and background pressure), the applied bias voltage is the key factor influencing this competitive interplay. Consequently, the cathode surface temperature exhibits three distinct regions as a function of bias voltage: the TEC-dominated region (10–20 V), the transition region (20–40 V), where TEC and IBH are nearly in equilibrium, and the IBH-dominated region (40–60 V). The results indicate that by adjusting the discharge parameters to place thermionic emission in the transition region, the TEC and IBH effects can be mutually offset. Under these conditions, the cathode temperature can be unambiguously determined from the measured emission current using the modified Schottky equation. This approach simplifies the functional relationship between emission current and temperature (J–T), thereby enabling high-temperature measurements to be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19112230
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 2230
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      – SubjectFull: Thermionic emission
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ion bombardment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cathodes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pyrometry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cathode efficiency
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Glow discharges
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Achieving High-Temperature Measurement Using Thermionic Emission from a W–La 2 O 3 Cathode in Low-Pressure Argon Glow Discharge.
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            NameFull: Liang, Wei
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            NameFull: Zhang, Xinyu
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            NameFull: Wang, Jun
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            NameFull: Wu, Fanlei
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            NameFull: Zhang, Kai
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 11
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            – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944)
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