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Temperature-Dependent Microstructure Evolution and Superplastic Deformation Behavior of Cold-Deformed Cr4Mo4Ni4V Martensitic Steel: From Continuous to Discontinuous Dynamic Recrystallization.

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Title: Temperature-Dependent Microstructure Evolution and Superplastic Deformation Behavior of Cold-Deformed Cr4Mo4Ni4V Martensitic Steel: From Continuous to Discontinuous Dynamic Recrystallization.
Authors: Wang, Jiwei1 (AUTHOR), Yang, Wanli2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Jiabin1,2 (AUTHOR), Li, Tao2 (AUTHOR), Tang, Wei2 (AUTHOR), Shao, Bin2 (AUTHOR) shaobin@hit.edu.cn, Zong, Yingying2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 11, p2242. 14p.
Subjects: Recrystallization (Metallurgy), Temperature effect, Material plasticity, Cold rolling, Crystal texture, Crystal grain boundaries, Martensitic stainless steel, Microstructure
Abstract: To elucidate the evolution of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanisms in cold-worked Cr4Mo4Ni4V martensitic steel, tensile tests were conducted on a 50% cold-deformed material at 600–850 °C at a fixed strain rate of 0.001 s−1, combined with systematic microstructural characterization. Under this specific strain rate, the results reveal a temperature-dependent transition from continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) to discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX). At 600 °C, CDRX dominates, producing recrystallized grains with orientations close to the parent matrix and relatively strong texture. At 750 °C, CDRX and DDRX coexist, while DDRX is significantly enhanced, characterized by grain boundary nucleation and random orientations, leading to a marked reduction in texture intensity; simultaneously, the fraction of recrystallized grains and high-angle grain boundaries reaches a maximum. At 850 °C, DDRX becomes dominant. This transition in DRX mechanism governs the high-temperature plasticity, with optimal superplasticity achieved at 800 °C, corresponding to an elongation of 748%. Cavities are primarily initiated at carbide/matrix interfaces, and their growth and coalescence dominate the fracture process. These findings clarify the temperature-dependent DRX evolution and its role in regulating superplasticity, providing guidance for microstructure design and superplastic forming of martensitic steels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Temperature-Dependent Microstructure Evolution and Superplastic Deformation Behavior of Cold-Deformed Cr4Mo4Ni4V Martensitic Steel: From Continuous to Discontinuous Dynamic Recrystallization.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 11, p2242. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Recrystallization+%28Metallurgy%29%22">Recrystallization (Metallurgy)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temperature+effect%22">Temperature effect</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Material+plasticity%22">Material plasticity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cold+rolling%22">Cold rolling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystal+texture%22">Crystal texture</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystal+grain+boundaries%22">Crystal grain boundaries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Martensitic+stainless+steel%22">Martensitic stainless steel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstructure%22">Microstructure</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: To elucidate the evolution of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanisms in cold-worked Cr4Mo4Ni4V martensitic steel, tensile tests were conducted on a 50% cold-deformed material at 600–850 °C at a fixed strain rate of 0.001 s−1, combined with systematic microstructural characterization. Under this specific strain rate, the results reveal a temperature-dependent transition from continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) to discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX). At 600 °C, CDRX dominates, producing recrystallized grains with orientations close to the parent matrix and relatively strong texture. At 750 °C, CDRX and DDRX coexist, while DDRX is significantly enhanced, characterized by grain boundary nucleation and random orientations, leading to a marked reduction in texture intensity; simultaneously, the fraction of recrystallized grains and high-angle grain boundaries reaches a maximum. At 850 °C, DDRX becomes dominant. This transition in DRX mechanism governs the high-temperature plasticity, with optimal superplasticity achieved at 800 °C, corresponding to an elongation of 748%. Cavities are primarily initiated at carbide/matrix interfaces, and their growth and coalescence dominate the fracture process. These findings clarify the temperature-dependent DRX evolution and its role in regulating superplasticity, providing guidance for microstructure design and superplastic forming of martensitic steels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19112242
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 2242
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Recrystallization (Metallurgy)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Temperature effect
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Material plasticity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cold rolling
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      – SubjectFull: Crystal texture
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crystal grain boundaries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Martensitic stainless steel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microstructure
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Temperature-Dependent Microstructure Evolution and Superplastic Deformation Behavior of Cold-Deformed Cr4Mo4Ni4V Martensitic Steel: From Continuous to Discontinuous Dynamic Recrystallization.
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            NameFull: Wang, Jiwei
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            NameFull: Yang, Wanli
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            NameFull: Liu, Jiabin
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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