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Mix Design and Performance Analysis of Concrete with Limestone Powder Admixture.

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Title: Mix Design and Performance Analysis of Concrete with Limestone Powder Admixture.
Authors: Gong, Fangyuan1 (AUTHOR) fgong1@mtu.edu, Xu, Mingyuan1,2 (AUTHOR), Wu, Jinbiao1,2 (AUTHOR), An, Penghua2 (AUTHOR), Shi, Weihao2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 11, p2348. 28p.
Subjects: Limestone, Concrete mixing, Digital image correlation, Mechanical behavior of materials, Flexural strength, Durability, Compressive strength
Abstract: The use of waste limestone powder from mining to replace natural sand in concrete improves its mechanical performance and durability, reduces production costs, and benefits the ecological environment. In the initial mix design, limestone powder was substituted for natural sand as fine aggregate at specific ratios under constant total mass, investigating the influence of water-to-binder ratio and limestone powder replacement rate on concrete strength to establish preliminary value ranges for the optimal parameters. The secondary mix design employed Design Expert software 13 to develop a response surface model, analyzing the impact of water-to-binder ratio and limestone powder replacement rate on key mechanical properties like compressive and flexural strength, as well as the durability of the concrete containing limestone powder. Furthermore, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was utilized to monitor the stress–strain state on the concrete surface, with the resulting strain cloud maps used to characterize crack initiation locations and propagation patterns. Overall, the results indicate that the observed performance evolution was governed by the coupled influence of limestone powder replacement rate and total powder content. Under the present experimental conditions, limestone powder demonstrated potential as a sustainable fine aggregate substitute; however, its intrinsic contribution could not be completely isolated because of the simultaneous variation in powder content. The study further clarifies the coupled influence of limestone powder replacement rate and total powder content, while integrating response surface optimization and DIC analysis method to provide a practical framework for limestone powder concrete design and engineering application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 194587259
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Mix Design and Performance Analysis of Concrete with Limestone Powder Admixture.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gong%2C+Fangyuan%22">Gong, Fangyuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> fgong1@mtu.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Mingyuan%22">Xu, Mingyuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Jinbiao%22">Wu, Jinbiao</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22An%2C+Penghua%22">An, Penghua</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shi%2C+Weihao%22">Shi, Weihao</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 11, p2348. 28p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Limestone%22">Limestone</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Concrete+mixing%22">Concrete mixing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Digital+image+correlation%22">Digital image correlation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flexural+strength%22">Flexural strength</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Durability%22">Durability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compressive+strength%22">Compressive strength</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The use of waste limestone powder from mining to replace natural sand in concrete improves its mechanical performance and durability, reduces production costs, and benefits the ecological environment. In the initial mix design, limestone powder was substituted for natural sand as fine aggregate at specific ratios under constant total mass, investigating the influence of water-to-binder ratio and limestone powder replacement rate on concrete strength to establish preliminary value ranges for the optimal parameters. The secondary mix design employed Design Expert software 13 to develop a response surface model, analyzing the impact of water-to-binder ratio and limestone powder replacement rate on key mechanical properties like compressive and flexural strength, as well as the durability of the concrete containing limestone powder. Furthermore, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was utilized to monitor the stress–strain state on the concrete surface, with the resulting strain cloud maps used to characterize crack initiation locations and propagation patterns. Overall, the results indicate that the observed performance evolution was governed by the coupled influence of limestone powder replacement rate and total powder content. Under the present experimental conditions, limestone powder demonstrated potential as a sustainable fine aggregate substitute; however, its intrinsic contribution could not be completely isolated because of the simultaneous variation in powder content. The study further clarifies the coupled influence of limestone powder replacement rate and total powder content, while integrating response surface optimization and DIC analysis method to provide a practical framework for limestone powder concrete design and engineering application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma19112348
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 28
        StartPage: 2348
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      – SubjectFull: Limestone
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Concrete mixing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Digital image correlation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Flexural strength
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Durability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Compressive strength
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Mix Design and Performance Analysis of Concrete with Limestone Powder Admixture.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Gong, Fangyuan
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            NameFull: Xu, Mingyuan
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            NameFull: Wu, Jinbiao
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            NameFull: An, Penghua
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            NameFull: Shi, Weihao
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 11
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            – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944)
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