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Development and Performance Evaluation of Residue-Reinforced Recycled HDPE and Bio-Based PP Packaging via Blow Extrusion.

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Title: Development and Performance Evaluation of Residue-Reinforced Recycled HDPE and Bio-Based PP Packaging via Blow Extrusion.
Authors: Basto, Bruna1 (AUTHOR), Freitas, Bárbara1,2 (AUTHOR), Leite, Fernando1,3 (AUTHOR) fernandoleite@fibrenamics.com, Bessa, João1,4 (AUTHOR), Oliveira, Gonçalo1,2 (AUTHOR), Neto, Ricardo2,3 (AUTHOR), Fangueiro, Raul1,3,4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Polymers (20734360). Jun2026, Vol. 18 Issue 11, p1307. 18p.
Subjects: High density polyethylene, Bivalve shells, Packaging materials, Blow molding, Industrial minerals, Thermal stability, Polypropylene
Abstract: This study investigates the development and performance of polyolefin-based packaging materials reinforced with industrial mineral residues, specifically slate powder (SP) and bivalve shell powder (BSP). High-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) matrices were compounded with these fillers and processed by extrusion blow moulding to produce final prototypes. Thermal analyses (TGA and DSC) showed that incorporating SP and BSP does not compromise the thermal stability of the polymer matrices and increases stiffness in the filled formulations. Accelerated ageing (QUV, 200 h) revealed distinct photo-oxidative behaviours. PP and PP + BSP (30%) exhibited increased fragility and moderate colour changes, whereas PP + SP (10%) retained flexibility, indicating a partial protective effect of SP. HDPE-based formulations showed higher intrinsic UV resistance, with HDPE + BSP (30%) displaying excellent colour stability. Tensile tests before and after QUV exposure confirmed that fillers increase stiffness with limited influence on tensile strength. Air permeability results indicated that neat PP and HDPE were below the detection limit. At the same time, filled formulations exhibited measurable permeability, suggesting that filler incorporation may influence gas transport through interfacial effects. Overall, the results show that SP and BSP act as reinforcing additives and can modify functional properties such as stiffness and ageing resistance. However, their influence on barrier performance depends on the formulation and permeation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Development and Performance Evaluation of Residue-Reinforced Recycled HDPE and Bio-Based PP Packaging via Blow Extrusion.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Basto%2C+Bruna%22">Basto, Bruna</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Freitas%2C+Bárbara%22">Freitas, Bárbara</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Leite%2C+Fernando%22">Leite, Fernando</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> fernandoleite@fibrenamics.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bessa%2C+João%22">Bessa, João</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oliveira%2C+Gonçalo%22">Oliveira, Gonçalo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Neto%2C+Ricardo%22">Neto, Ricardo</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fangueiro%2C+Raul%22">Fangueiro, Raul</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 18 Issue 11, p1307. 18p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+density+polyethylene%22">High density polyethylene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bivalve+shells%22">Bivalve shells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Packaging+materials%22">Packaging materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blow+molding%22">Blow molding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Industrial+minerals%22">Industrial minerals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+stability%22">Thermal stability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polypropylene%22">Polypropylene</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study investigates the development and performance of polyolefin-based packaging materials reinforced with industrial mineral residues, specifically slate powder (SP) and bivalve shell powder (BSP). High-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) matrices were compounded with these fillers and processed by extrusion blow moulding to produce final prototypes. Thermal analyses (TGA and DSC) showed that incorporating SP and BSP does not compromise the thermal stability of the polymer matrices and increases stiffness in the filled formulations. Accelerated ageing (QUV, 200 h) revealed distinct photo-oxidative behaviours. PP and PP + BSP (30%) exhibited increased fragility and moderate colour changes, whereas PP + SP (10%) retained flexibility, indicating a partial protective effect of SP. HDPE-based formulations showed higher intrinsic UV resistance, with HDPE + BSP (30%) displaying excellent colour stability. Tensile tests before and after QUV exposure confirmed that fillers increase stiffness with limited influence on tensile strength. Air permeability results indicated that neat PP and HDPE were below the detection limit. At the same time, filled formulations exhibited measurable permeability, suggesting that filler incorporation may influence gas transport through interfacial effects. Overall, the results show that SP and BSP act as reinforcing additives and can modify functional properties such as stiffness and ageing resistance. However, their influence on barrier performance depends on the formulation and permeation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/polym18111307
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 18
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      – SubjectFull: High density polyethylene
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bivalve shells
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Packaging materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Blow molding
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      – SubjectFull: Industrial minerals
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      – SubjectFull: Thermal stability
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      – SubjectFull: Polypropylene
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Development and Performance Evaluation of Residue-Reinforced Recycled HDPE and Bio-Based PP Packaging via Blow Extrusion.
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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