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Methodological Insights from Low-Vacuum SEM for Morphological Analysis of Schwann Cells on Electrospun Scaffolds.

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Title: Methodological Insights from Low-Vacuum SEM for Morphological Analysis of Schwann Cells on Electrospun Scaffolds.
Authors: Salazar-Aguilar, Paulina1,2 (AUTHOR), Barrenechea Sánchez, Andrea2,3 (AUTHOR), Godoy Sánchez, Karina3,4 (AUTHOR), Martínez-Rodríguez, Paulina4,5 (AUTHOR), Pitol, Dimitrius Leonardo5,6 (AUTHOR), González-Quijón, María Eugenia6,7 (AUTHOR), Dias, Fernando José7,8 (AUTHOR) fernando.dias@ufrontera.cl
Source: Polymers (20734360). Jun2026, Vol. 18 Issue 11, p1407. 15p.
Subjects: Schwann cells, Scanning electron microscopy, Polyhydroxybutyrate, Biomimetic materials, Morphology, Nervous system regeneration
Abstract: Schwann cells (SCs) are critical effectors of peripheral nerve regeneration, and their interaction with biomaterial scaffolds is a key parameter in neural tissue engineering. This pilot study described and evaluated protocols for a morphological, quantitative, and morphometric analysis of SCs seeded on electrospun polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) scaffolds using variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy (VP-SEM) under a low vacuum, without a metal coating. Six protocols were compared, varying the number of seeded cells (50,000 or 100,000) and the method used to label the seeded face of the scaffold: no marking, graphite pencil, or permanent ink (Sharpie). Confocal microscopy confirmed SC viability and adhesion. The VP-SEM analysis revealed that seeding 100,000 cells significantly increased the number of detectable cells on the scaffold surface. Graphite labeling was associated with higher cell counts and a more stellate morphology, consistent with the biocompatibility of carbon-based materials reported in the literature. Conversely, ink labeling appeared to inhibit SC adhesion. A refined protocol for measuring SC extensions using ImageJ's ROI Manager and segmented line tools was also established. These findings provide practical methodological insights to improve the reliability and reproducibility of SC morphological analyses on ultra-thin polymeric scaffolds, with implications for peripheral nerve regeneration research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Methodological Insights from Low-Vacuum SEM for Morphological Analysis of Schwann Cells on Electrospun Scaffolds.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Salazar-Aguilar%2C+Paulina%22">Salazar-Aguilar, Paulina</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Barrenechea+Sánchez%2C+Andrea%22">Barrenechea Sánchez, Andrea</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Godoy+Sánchez%2C+Karina%22">Godoy Sánchez, Karina</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Martínez-Rodríguez%2C+Paulina%22">Martínez-Rodríguez, Paulina</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pitol%2C+Dimitrius+Leonardo%22">Pitol, Dimitrius Leonardo</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22González-Quijón%2C+María+Eugenia%22">González-Quijón, María Eugenia</searchLink><relatesTo>6,7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dias%2C+Fernando+José%22">Dias, Fernando José</searchLink><relatesTo>7,8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> fernando.dias@ufrontera.cl</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 18 Issue 11, p1407. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Schwann+cells%22">Schwann cells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scanning+electron+microscopy%22">Scanning electron microscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polyhydroxybutyrate%22">Polyhydroxybutyrate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomimetic+materials%22">Biomimetic materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Morphology%22">Morphology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nervous+system+regeneration%22">Nervous system regeneration</searchLink>
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  Data: Schwann cells (SCs) are critical effectors of peripheral nerve regeneration, and their interaction with biomaterial scaffolds is a key parameter in neural tissue engineering. This pilot study described and evaluated protocols for a morphological, quantitative, and morphometric analysis of SCs seeded on electrospun polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) scaffolds using variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy (VP-SEM) under a low vacuum, without a metal coating. Six protocols were compared, varying the number of seeded cells (50,000 or 100,000) and the method used to label the seeded face of the scaffold: no marking, graphite pencil, or permanent ink (Sharpie). Confocal microscopy confirmed SC viability and adhesion. The VP-SEM analysis revealed that seeding 100,000 cells significantly increased the number of detectable cells on the scaffold surface. Graphite labeling was associated with higher cell counts and a more stellate morphology, consistent with the biocompatibility of carbon-based materials reported in the literature. Conversely, ink labeling appeared to inhibit SC adhesion. A refined protocol for measuring SC extensions using ImageJ's ROI Manager and segmented line tools was also established. These findings provide practical methodological insights to improve the reliability and reproducibility of SC morphological analyses on ultra-thin polymeric scaffolds, with implications for peripheral nerve regeneration research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/polym18111407
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Schwann cells
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Scanning electron microscopy
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      – SubjectFull: Polyhydroxybutyrate
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      – SubjectFull: Biomimetic materials
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      – SubjectFull: Morphology
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      – SubjectFull: Nervous system regeneration
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      – TitleFull: Methodological Insights from Low-Vacuum SEM for Morphological Analysis of Schwann Cells on Electrospun Scaffolds.
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            NameFull: Salazar-Aguilar, Paulina
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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