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A Three-Dimensional Interlocked Heterojunction Photoanode for Sustainable Metal Corrosion Control in Marine Environments.

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Title: A Three-Dimensional Interlocked Heterojunction Photoanode for Sustainable Metal Corrosion Control in Marine Environments.
Authors: Liu, Xiaoyan1,2 (AUTHOR), Chen, Chuchu2,3 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Yumei1,3 (AUTHOR) 170208070003@hhu.edu.cn, Liu, Xilong1,3 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Xiurui1,2 (AUTHOR), Han, Leiying1,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Jun2026, Vol. 16 Issue 11, p652. 23p.
Subjects: Heterojunctions, Corrosion & anti-corrosives, Anodes, Corrosion inhibitors, Marine habitats
Abstract: The development of highly efficient and stable photoanodes is essential for advancing photoelectrochemical cathodic protection towards practical applications. Herein, a novel ternary sulfide heterojunction was engineered through the construction of a three-dimensional interlocked architecture of ZnIn2S4 on SnIn4S8 nanosheets via a sequential hydrothermal synthesis. This unique three-dimensional interlocked configuration creates an intimate interface and continuous charge transfer highways, effectively addressing the slow electron movement and poor interfacial contact that plague conventional photoelectrodes. Spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses verified the formation of a Type-II band alignment, which drives the directional migration of photogenerated electrons from ZnIn2S4 to SnIn4S8 under an intrinsic built-in electric field. Upon coupling with 304 stainless steel, the ZnIn2S4/SnIn4S3 heterojunction exhibited outstanding photoelectrochemical cathodic protection performance. It delivered impressive photocurrent densities of 15.22, 19.76, and 72.27 μA·cm−2 in 3.5 wt% NaCl, 0.1 M Na2S2O3, and 0.1 M Na2S/NaOH electrolytes, respectively, along with a prominent 720 mV cathodic potential shift in the Na2S/NaOH system. Most importantly, its good activity and stability in the scavenger-free 3.5 wt% NaCl solution and natural seawater highlight the strong practical potential of this 3D interlocked photoanode for sustainable marine metal corrosion control. Through a strategic multi-electrolyte assessment, the underlying protection mechanisms were decoupled, revealing that the synergy between the heterojunction-induced charge separation enabled by the three-dimensional interlocked structure and electrolyte-specific hole scavenging is key to the enhanced performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: A Three-Dimensional Interlocked Heterojunction Photoanode for Sustainable Metal Corrosion Control in Marine Environments.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Xiaoyan%22">Liu, Xiaoyan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Chuchu%22">Chen, Chuchu</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Yumei%22">Zhang, Yumei</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> 170208070003@hhu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Xilong%22">Liu, Xilong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Xiurui%22">Zhang, Xiurui</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Han%2C+Leiying%22">Han, Leiying</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 16 Issue 11, p652. 23p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heterojunctions%22">Heterojunctions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Corrosion+%26+anti-corrosives%22">Corrosion & anti-corrosives</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anodes%22">Anodes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Corrosion+inhibitors%22">Corrosion inhibitors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Marine+habitats%22">Marine habitats</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The development of highly efficient and stable photoanodes is essential for advancing photoelectrochemical cathodic protection towards practical applications. Herein, a novel ternary sulfide heterojunction was engineered through the construction of a three-dimensional interlocked architecture of ZnIn2S4 on SnIn4S8 nanosheets via a sequential hydrothermal synthesis. This unique three-dimensional interlocked configuration creates an intimate interface and continuous charge transfer highways, effectively addressing the slow electron movement and poor interfacial contact that plague conventional photoelectrodes. Spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses verified the formation of a Type-II band alignment, which drives the directional migration of photogenerated electrons from ZnIn2S4 to SnIn4S8 under an intrinsic built-in electric field. Upon coupling with 304 stainless steel, the ZnIn2S4/SnIn4S3 heterojunction exhibited outstanding photoelectrochemical cathodic protection performance. It delivered impressive photocurrent densities of 15.22, 19.76, and 72.27 μA·cm−2 in 3.5 wt% NaCl, 0.1 M Na2S2O3, and 0.1 M Na2S/NaOH electrolytes, respectively, along with a prominent 720 mV cathodic potential shift in the Na2S/NaOH system. Most importantly, its good activity and stability in the scavenger-free 3.5 wt% NaCl solution and natural seawater highlight the strong practical potential of this 3D interlocked photoanode for sustainable marine metal corrosion control. Through a strategic multi-electrolyte assessment, the underlying protection mechanisms were decoupled, revealing that the synergy between the heterojunction-induced charge separation enabled by the three-dimensional interlocked structure and electrolyte-specific hole scavenging is key to the enhanced performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/nano16110652
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 23
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      – SubjectFull: Heterojunctions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Corrosion & anti-corrosives
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anodes
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      – SubjectFull: Corrosion inhibitors
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      – SubjectFull: Marine habitats
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      – TitleFull: A Three-Dimensional Interlocked Heterojunction Photoanode for Sustainable Metal Corrosion Control in Marine Environments.
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            NameFull: Liu, Xiaoyan
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            NameFull: Chen, Chuchu
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              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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